Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi pelarut, waktu, dan suhu destilasi terhadap total fenol ekstrak daun sereh wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowwit)

Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo Purbowati, Ali Maksum, Gunawan Wijonarko

Abstract

The citronella plant (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowwit) has been known to have phenolic compounds that have the potential as antioxidants. The more phenolic compounds extracted, the better the quality of the extract obtained. To obtain maximum total phenol levels, extraction treatment was carried out with variations in time, temperature, and solvent concentration to extract fragrant Citronella leaves. This study aimed to determine the right time, temperature, and solvent concentration to obtain citronella extract with maximum total phenol content. Extraction was carried out by water distillation technique using ethanol solvent with concentration variations of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% with time variations of 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, and temperature variations extraction, namely 50, 60, 70, and 80oC, The total phenol content of citronella extract was analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer based on the reduction reaction of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The results showed that the extract with the highest total phenol content was 7.075 with a time of 4 hours, a temperature of 80 C, and using a solvent concentration of 90%. Characteristics produced from citronella extract with the highest phenol content, namely total flavonoids at 41.75 mgQE/g, antioxidant activity at 11.242 ppm, antibacterial activity at E. coli is 10.2 mm and in S. aureus is 12.7 mm. This research is expected to have an impact on the exploration of the extraction of bioactive compounds in citronella plants.

Keywords

Total phenol; citronella extract; extraction

References

Agung, N. 2017. Buku Ajar: Teknologi Bahan Alam. Page Lambung Mangkurat University Press.

Andriani, M., I. D. Gde Mayun Permana, and I. W. Rai Widarta. 2019. Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan 8(3):330–340.

Bassolé, I. H. N., A. Lamien-Meda, B. Bayala, L. C. Obame, A. J. Ilboudo, C. Franz, J. Novak, R. C. Nebié, and M. H. Dicko. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination. Phytomedicine 18(12):1070–1074.

Diantika, F., S. M. Sutan, and R. Yulianingsih. 2014. Pengaruh Lama Ekstraksi dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol Terhadap Ekstraksi Antioksidan Biji Kakao ( Theobroma cacao L .). Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 15(3):159–164.

Handayani, D., A. Mun’im, and A. S. Ranti. 2014. Optimation of Green Tea Waste Axtraction using Microwave Assisted Extraction to Yield Green Tea Extract. Traditional Medicine Journal 19(January):29–35.

Hati, A. K., N. Dyahariesti, and R. Yuswantina. 2019. Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sereh (Cymbopogon nardus) Dan Temu Kunci (Boesnbergia pandurata Roxb) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product 2(2):71–78.

Ibrahim, A. M., F. H. Sriherfyna, and Yunianta. 2015. Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Waktu Ekstraksi Trhadap Sifat Kimia dan Fisik pada Pembuatan Minuman Sari Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dengan Kombinasi Penambahan Madu sebagai Pemanis. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 3(2):530–541.

Ince, A. E., S. Şahin, and S. G. Şümnü. 2013. Extraction of phenolic compounds from melissa using microwave and ultrasound. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 37(1):69–75.

Jafari, B., A. Ebadi, B. M. Aghdam, and Z. Hassanzade. 2012. Antibacterial Activitiesof Lemon Grass Methanol Extract and Essence on Pathogenic Bacteria. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science 12(8):1042–1046.

Kristanti, Y., I. W. R. Widarta, and I. D. G. M. Permana. 2019. Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi dan Konsentrasi Etanol Menggunakan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rambut Jagung (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 8(1):94.

Manoi, F. 2015. Pengaruh Pelayuan Dan Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen Dan Mutu Minyak Serai Wangi ( Cymbopogom nardus ). Pages 447–451 Semin. Nas. Swasembada Pangan, Politek. Negeri Lampung.

Nasution, M. ., and B. Ardiyanti. 2019. Total Fenolik dan Flavonoid Serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tenggek Burung (Eudia redlevi). Prosiding SainsTeKes Semnas MIPAKes UMRI(2001):58–65.

Nasution, P. A., R. Batubara, and Surjanto. 2015. Tingkat Kekuatan Antioksidan dan Kesukaan Masyarakat Terhadap Teh Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) Berdasarkan Pohon Induksi dan Non-Induksi. Peronema - Forest Science Journal. 4(1):10–18.

Plaza, C. M., L. E. D. De Torres, R. K. Lücking, M. Vizcaya, and G. E. Medina. 2014. Antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids of lichens from venezuelan andes. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research 2(5):138–147.

Santoso, J., F. Mardhi Hutama, F. Anesya Lystyoarti, and L. Linda Nilatari. 2014. Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Dari Daun Dan Batang Cengkeh Dengan Metode Hydro-Distillation Dan Steam-Hydro Distillation Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Tanaman Cengkeh Dan Menentukan Proses Ekstraksi Terbaik. Pekan Ilmiah Mahasiswa Nasional Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa Penelitian:1–4.

Sari, D. K., D. H. Wardhani, and A. Prasetyaningrum. 2012. Pengujian Kandungan Total Fenol Kappahycus Alvarezzi dengan Metode Ekstraksi Ultrasonik dengan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu. Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik 1(1):40–45.

Suhendra, C. P., I. W. R. Widarta, and A. A. I. S. Wiadnyani. 2019. Pengaruh konsentrasi etanol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rimpang ilalang (Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv.) pada ekstraksi menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik (The Effect of Ethanol Concentration on Antioxidant Activity of Cogon grass Rhizome (Impera. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 8(1):27–35.

Suryatno, H., Basito, and E. Widawati. 2014. Kajian Organoleptik, Aktivitas Antioksidan, Total fenol pada Variasi Lama Pemeraman Pembuatan Telur Asin yang Ditambahkan Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Jurnal Teknosains Pangan Vol 2 No 2 April 2013 1(1):41–48.

Ulfah, M. U. 2020. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Aseton Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jurnal FARMAKU (Farmasi Muhammadiyah Kuningan) 5(1):25–31.

Widarta, I. W. R., and I. W. Arnata. 2017. Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif Daun Alpukat dengan Bantuan Ultrasonik pada Berbagai Jenis dan Konsentrasi Pelarut. Agritech 37(2):148.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v17i3.15204

Metrics

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2023 Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo Purbowati, Ali Maksum, Gunawan Wijonarko

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.