Morpho-agronomic characterization of local shallot genotypes induced by gamma irradiation.

Ummu Fitrothul Hidayah, Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati, Aptika Hana Prastiwi Nareswari, Novenia Ercy Aditya Wardhani

Abstract


Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) is an economically important horticultural crop in Indonesia, but limited genetic variability constrains breeding improvement. This study aimed to characterize morpho-agronomic traits and evaluate phenotypic diversity among local shallot genotypes subjected to gamma irradiation. Five shallot genotypes (Biru Lancor, Bima Brebes, Batu Ijo, Tajuk, and Keta Monca) were exposed to four irradiation doses (0, 3, 5, and 7 Gy) in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, comprising 240 plants. Quantitative growth traits were evaluated at two weeks after planting, while morphological characterization was conducted at eight weeks using UPOV descriptors. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and hierarchical clustering based on Gower's distance and average linkage. Genotype and irradiation dose significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, and leaf diameter, with a significant interaction observed only for number of leaves. At 7 Gy, plant height and leaf number decreased by 28.65% and 15.10%, respectively, compared with the control. Cluster analysis revealed phenotypic differentiation among 20 genotype–irradiation combinations, with B3S0 and B2S1 forming a distinct group, while B5S3, B4S3, and B3S3 exhibited closer morphological similarity. These findings provide preliminary information for identifying potential breeding materials, although further evaluation is required to confirm the stability of the observed variation.

Keywords


Shallot; Gamma irradiation; M1 generation; Mutation induction; Phenotypic diversity; UPOV descritors;

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v19i2.36076

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