Potensi Bakteri Agens Hayati untuk Menekan Infeksi Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) pada Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Giyanto Giyanto; Iis Purnamawati; Tri Asmira Damayanti

doi:10.21107/agrovigor.v12i2.5834

Potensi Bakteri Agens Hayati untuk Menekan Infeksi Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) pada Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Giyanto Giyanto, Iis Purnamawati, Tri Asmira Damayanti

Abstract

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) merupakan patogen penting pada Cucurbitaceae, diantaranya melon. Pengelolaan virus di lapangan cukup sulit dilakukan. Salah satu upaya untuk menekan infeksi virus yaitu melalui penyehatan tanaman menggunakan bakteri agens hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi isolat bakteri Bacillus cereus (BC), Chromobacterium haemolyticum (CH), Ralstonia pickettii (RP), dan Pseudomonas flourescens (PF) dalam menekan infeksi CMV pada tanaman melon. Pengujian pengaruh bakteri terhadap performa kecambah dilakukan melalui perlakuan perendaman benih dalam suspense bakteri di laboratorium. Efikasi bakteri dalam menekan infeksi CMV dilakukan dengan cara perendaman benih dan penyemprotan tanaman dengan suspense bakteri dalam percobaan di rumah kaca. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap peubah penyakit dan agronomi, dan aktivitas enzim peroksidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan bakteri BC menunjukkan performa kecambah terbaik di antara perlakuan bakteri lainnya. Perlakuan bakteri tidak berpengaruh terhadap masa inkubasi dan insidensi penyakit, namun secara nyata menurunkan keparahan penyakit dan akumulasi virus dibandingkan kontrol. Aktivitas enzim peroksidase lebih tinggi setelah perlakuan bakteri dan inokulasi CMV dibandingkan perlakuan sebelum inokulasi. Bakteri RP merupakan bakteri terbaik dalam menekan infeksi CMV melalui aktivitas antivirus dan induksi ketahanan dengan peningkatan aktivitas peroksidase.

Keywords

Biokontrol; cucurbitaceae; ISR; mosaik; peroksidase

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Aboutorabi, M. 2018. A review on the biological control of plant diseases using various microorganisms. J Res Med Sci. 6(4): 30-35.

Ahanger, R.A., H.A. Bhatand, N.A. Dar. 2014. Biocontrol agents and their mechanism in plant disease management. Sci Acta Xaveriana. 5(1): 47-58.

Ahmad, F., I. Ahmad, M.S. Khan. 2008. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microb Res. 163: 173-181.

Al-Ani, R.A., M.A. Adhab. 2012. Protection of melon plants against Cucumber mosaic virus infection using Pseudomonas flourescens biofertilizer. Afr J Biotechnol. 11(100): 16579-16585.

Alonso-Prados, J.L., A. Fraile, F. Garcia-Arenal. 1997. Impact of Cucumber mosaic virus and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 infection on melon production in Central Spain. Plant Pathol J. 79 (2): 131-134.

Anjana, G., K.R. Kini, H.S. Shetty, H.S. Prakash. 2008. Changes in peroxidase activity in sunflower during infection by necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria helianthi. Arc Phytopathol Plant Protect. 41(8):586-596.

Bezirganoglu, I. 2018. Botany of Cucumis melo. Hort Int J. 2(3).

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2019. Produksi Tanaman Buah-Buahan: Melon. https://www.bps.go.id/site/resultTab [26 Maret 2019].

Damayanti, T.A., H. Pardede, N.R. Mubarik. Utilization of root-coloning bacteria to protect hot-pepper against Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus. Hayati. 14(3): 105-109.

Daryono, B.S., S.D. Maryanto, S. Nissa, G.R. Aristya. 2016. Analisis kandungan vitamin pada melon (Cucumis melo L.) kultivar melodi gama 1 dan melon komersial. Biogenesis. 4(1): 1-9.

Damayanti, T.A., T. Katerina. 2008. Protection of hot pepper against multiple infection of viruses by utilizing root colonizing bacteria. J Int Soc Southeast Asian Agric Sci. 14(1): 92-100.

Dhillon, M.K., R. Singh, J.S. Naresh, H.C. Sharma. 2005. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae: A review of its biology and management. J of Insect Sci. 5(40).

El-Dougdoug, K.A., M.F. Ghaly, M.A. Taha. 2012. Biological control of Cucumber mosaic virus by Certain Local Sreptomyces Isolates: Inhibitory Effects of Selected Five Egyptian Isolates. Intl J Virol. 8(2): 151-164.

Erlika, L. 2016. Pemanfaatan filtrat bakteri endofit dan plant growth promoting rhizobacteria untuk menekan infeksi Cucumber mosaic virus strain Soybean (CMV-S) pada tanaman kedelai. Skripsi. Departemen Proteksi Tanaman. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Fitriani, D. 2016. Isolasi, seleksi, dan identifikasi bakteri kitinolitik pada cairan tanaman kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) sebagai agens biokontrol. Skripsi. Departemen Protesksi Tanaman. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Hokeberg M. 2018. Bacteria in biological control. Uppsala (Sweden): Centre for Biological Control, CBC.

Jacquemond, M. 2012. Cucumber mosaic virus. Adv Virus Res. 84: 439-504.

Kar, M., D. Mishra. 1976. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. J Plant Physiol. 57(2):315-9.

Khoiri, S., Giyanto, Damayanti, T.A. 2017. Identification of quorum quenching bacteria and its biocontrol potential against soft rot disease bacteria, Dickeya dadantii. AGRIVITA. 39(1):45-55.

Laili, N.U., T.A. Damayanti. 2019. Deteksi virus pada tanaman mentimun di Jawa Barat. Agrovigor. 12(1):8-15.

Listihani. 2018. Disitribusi dan identifikasi virus utama pada mentimun di Jawa. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Mascia, T., F. Chillo, V. Fanelli, M.M. Finetti-Sialer, A. De Stradis, P. Palukaitis, D. Gallitelli. 2010. Characterization of the interactions between Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus Y in mixed infection in tomato. J Mol Plant-Microbe Int. 23(11): 1514-1524.

Ntui, V.O., K. Kong, P. Azadi, R.S. Khan, D.P. Chin, T. Igawa, M. Mii, I. Nakamura. 2014. RNAi-mediated resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in genetically engineered tomato. Am J Plant Sci. 5:554-572.

Osburn, R.M., J.L. Milner, E.S. Oplinger, R.S. Smith, J. Handelsman. 1995. Effect of Bacillus cereus UW85 on the yield of soybean at two field sites in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 79:551-556.

Oteng-Frimpong, R., Y. Levy, S.K. Torkpo, E.Y. Danquah, S.K. Offei, Y. Gafni. 2012. Complete genome sequencing of two causative viruses of cassava mosaic disease in Ghana. Acta Virol. 56(4): 305-314.

Prasannath, K. 2017. Plant defense-related enzymes against pathogens: A Review. Department of Agricultural Biology. Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University Sri Lanka. Chenkalady.

Prawira, J. 1999. Studi Pematahan Dormansi dan Perlakuan Air Kelapa untuk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan Benih Gmelina arborea. Skripsi. Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Reddy, P.P. 2010. Bacterial Viral Disease and Their Management in Horticultural Crops. Scientific Publishers, Bangalore, IN.

Rustam. 2012. Potensi bakteri penghasil senyawa bioaktif anticendawan untuk pengendalian penyakit hawar pelepah padi. Disertasi. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Schaad, N.W., J.B. Jones, W. Chun. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Third Edition. The American Phytopathology Society. Minnesota.

Spaepen, S., J. Vanderleyden, R. Remans. 2006. Indole-3 acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 31: 425-448.

Supyani, S.A. Chandra, F. Rochman, D.N. Septariani, S. Widadi. 2017. Occurrence and distribution of Cucumber mosaic virus in cucurbits in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Afr J Agric Res. 12(18): 1593-1601.

Thapa. S.P., H.J. Lee, D.H. Park, S.K. Kim, J.M. Cho, S. Cho, J.H. Hur, C.K. Lim. 2009. Antiviral effects of the culture filtrate from Serratia marcescens Gsm01 against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Plant Pathol J. 25(4):369-375.

Townsend, G.R., J.W. Heuberger. 1943. Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicides experiments. Plant Dis Rep. 27: 340-343.

Wahyuni, W.S., H.S. Addy, B. Arman, T.C. Setyowati. 2006. Sinergisme Lumbricus rubellus dengan Pseudomonas putida Pf-20 dalam Menginduksi Ketahanan Mentimun terhadap Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Hayati. 13(3):95-100.

Wang, Y., V. Gaba, J. Yang, P. Palukaitis, A. Gal-On. 2002. Characterization of synergy between Cucumber mosaic virus and potyvirus in cucurbits host. Phytopathology. 92(1):51-58.

Winarsih. 2015. Respons ketahanan sepuluh kultivar mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) terhadap infeksi Cucumber mosaic virus. Skripsi. Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Bogor.

Wojtaszek, P. 1997. The oxidative burst plants early response against infection. Biochem J. 322: 681-692.

Zitter, T.A., J.F. Murphy. 2009. Cucumber mosaic virus. The Plant Health Instructor.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v12i2.5834