_-_Barcode.png "e-ISSN")
Islam, indigeneity, and religious difference in a secular context: Canadian case studies
Abstract
This paper analyzes the hardening religious difference in contemporary Canadian society and explains why the presence of Muslims, including new converts, constantly incites in the public imagination the primordial threat of Islam to the secular accomplishments of Canadian society. Relying on the available data and previous research on the historical formation of the secular in Canada, the author attempts to detect a paradox within the statelead politics of recognition that unintentionally creates the conditions for new communal conflicts. By using an inductive generalization, the author argues that the perceived incompatibility between Islam and secular values is derived not so much from cultural and theological differences or actual political threats posed by Muslims or Indigenous converts. It instead emanates from the self-understanding of the majority of Canadians that defined the nation as essentially Christians and simultaneously secular.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alfred, T. (2011). Colonial stains on our existence. In M. J. Cannon & L. Sunseri (Eds.), Racism, colonialism, and indigeneity in Canada (pp. 3-11). Oxford University Press.
Anderson, B. R. O. G. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso.
Anderson, R. R., Crellin, J. K., & Joe, M. (2000). Sprituality, values and boundaries in the revitalization of a Mi’kmaq community. In G. Harvey (Ed.), Indigenous religions: A companion (pp. 243-254). Graham Harvey.
BBC. (2021). Canada: 751 unmarked graves found at residential school. Retrieved September 25 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57592243
Beaman, L. G. (2017). Deep equality in an era of religious diversity. Oxford University Press.
Bell, S. (2013, February 22, 2013). Cree jihadist: How a boy from a Saskatchewan reserve came to embrace Islamist extremism. National Post. http://nationalpost.com/news/canada/cree-jihadist-how-a-boy-from-a-saskatchewan-reserve-became-a-national-security-concern
Beyer, P. (2000). Modern forms of the religious life: Denomination, church and invisible religion in Canada, the United States and Europe. In D. Lyon & M. v. Die (Eds.), Rethinking church, state and modernity: Canada between Europe and America (pp. 189-210). Toronto University Press.
Bowlby, P. (2014). Canadian social immaginaries: Re-examining religion and secularization. In S. Levebvre & L. G. Beaman (Eds.), Religion in the public sphere: Canadian case studies (pp. 25-43). University of Toronto Press.
Brown, W. (1995). States of injury: Power and freedom in late modernity. Princeton University Press.
Casanova, J. (2006). Rethinking secularization: A global comparative perspective. The Hedghog Review 8(1-2), 7-22.
Clark, W., & Schellenberg, G. (Summer 2006). Who’s religious? Statistics Canada Catalogue (11-008), 2-9.
Coulthard, G. S. (2014). Red skin, white masks: Rejecting the colonial politics of recognition. University of Minnesota.
Eickelman, D. F., & Piscatori, J. (1996). Muslim politics. Princeton University Press.
Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press.
Flower, S., & Birkett, D. (July 2014). (Mis)understanding Muslim converts in Canada: A critical discussion of Muslim converts in the contexts of security and society. TSAS (Canadian Network for research on terrorism, security and society) Working paper series 14-06, 1-20.
Fournier, P., & See, E. (2014). The ‘naked face’ of secular exclusion: Bill 94 and the privatization of belief. In S. Lefebvre & L. G. Beaman (Eds.), Religion in the public sphere: Canadian case studies (pp. 275-292). University of Toronto Press.
Hopper, T. (2018, August 18 2018). Here is what Sir John A. Macdonald did to Indigenous people. The National Post. https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/here-is-what-sir-john-a-macdonald-did-to-indigenous-people#comments-area
Kazemipur, A. (2014). The Muslim question in Canada: A story of segmented integration. University of British Columbia Press.
Mahmood, S. (2013). Reply to Judith Butler. In T. Asad, W. Brown, J. P. Butler, & S. Mahmood (Eds.), Is critique secular? Blasphemy, injury, and free speech (pp. 140-147). Fordham University Press.
Mahmood, S. (2016). Religious difference in a secular age: A minority report. Princeton University Press.
Marhall, A., & Mayes, B. (2016). The living and the dead: Ethno-history of Islam and identity in Winnipeg and beyond. Islam on the prairies: Tolerance, pluralism and diversity., University of Saskatchewan.
O’Toole, R. (2006). Religion in Canada: Its development and contemporary situation. In L. G. Beaman (Ed.), Religion and Canadian society: Traditions, transitions, and innovations (pp. 7-21). Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Ramji, R. (2014). Mantaining and nurturing an Islamic identity in Canada - online and offline. In S. Levebvre & L. G. Beaman (Eds.), Religion in the public sphere: Canadian case studies (pp. 97-120). University of Toronto Press.
Riga, A. (2018, October 19, 2018). Charles Taylor on religious gard ban: ‘Dangerous, appalling, divisive’. Montreal Gazette. https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/dangerous-appalling-divisive-destructive-charles-taylor-on-the-caqs-religious-symbols-plan
Rose, N. (1996). Governing “advanced” liberal democracies. In A. Barry, T. Osborne, & N. Rose (Eds.), Foucault and political reason: Liberalism, neoliberalism, and rationalities of government (pp. 37-64). University of Chicago Press.
Taylor, C. (1994). The politics of recognition. In A. Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (pp. 25-73). Princeton University Press.
Taylor, C. (2017, February 14, 2017). Neutralité de l’État: Le Temps de la Réconciliation. La Presse. http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/36c5c72e-28b9-49df-ba29-514fc56d647a%7CpUtyV30bPPsb.html
Toronto Sun. (2017). Quebec passes Bill 62 forcing public to uncover faces to give or receive services. Retrieved September 25 2021, from https://torontosun.com/news/national/quebec-passes-bill-62-forcing-public-to-uncover-faces-to-give-or-receive-services
Waite, P. B., & Harris, C. (2008; last modified January 15, 2016). Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley. The Canadian encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-samuel-leonard-tilley
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v4i2.11538
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Fachrizal Halim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simulacra has been indexed in these prominent indexing services:
Simulacra is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA and published by the Center for Sociological Studies and Community Development, Department of Sociology, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia.
