Seleksi Satu Tongkol Satu Baris (Ear to Row Selection) pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Abstract
Seleksi satu tongkol satu baris merupakan modifikasi seleksi massa yang merupakan salah satu metode seleksi yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan karakter lain pada tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji 20 genotip hasil seleksi tongkol pada tahun pertama. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan dan Laboratorium Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Trunojoyo Madura pada bulan Januari 2018 - April 2018. Genotip yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 genotip jagung hasil seleksi tanaman (tongkol) pada tahun pertama, yaitu : G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16, G17, G18, G19 dan G20. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Uji F digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh genotip, apabila hasilnya signifikan maka dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan Uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Heritabilitas digunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh genetik dan lingkungan pada karakter tanaman jagung. Koefesien keragaman genetik dan fenotip untuk menghitung keragaman genetik karakter tanaman jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua puluh genotip yang diuji memiliki perbedaan penampilan yang nyata pada karakter diameter tongkol, diameter jenggel, berat tongkol per tanaman, berat biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji dan produksi per hektar. Nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas 20 genotip yang diuji berkisar antara 8,935 sampai 96,43%. Karakter tinggi letak tongkol, karakter diameter jenggel, berat tongkol per tanaman, Berat biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji dan produksi per hektar memiliki keragaman genetik sedang. Dihasilkan 9 genotip yang digunakan sebagai bahan untuk program seleksi berikutnya yaitu G8, G11, G12, G13, G15, G17, G18, G19 dan G20 karena memiliki produksi per hektar terbaik.
EAR TO ROW SELECTION IN MAIZE PLANT (Zea mays L.)
ABSTRACT
Ear to row selection is a modification of mass selection which is one of the selection methods that can increase production and other characters in plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate 20 genotypes of cob selection results in the first year. This research was conducted at the experimental station Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University Trunojoyo of Madura, from January to April 2018. The Genotypes used, were: G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16, G17, G18, G19 dan G20. The design of this research was a randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with F-test then continued with HSD test (α=5%). Heritability is used to measure genetic and environmental influences on the characteristics of maize plants. Coefficient of Genetic diversity and phenotype to calculate the genetic diversity of the characteristics of maize plants. The results showed that 20 genotypes tested had significant differences in appearance on the character of cob diameter, beard diameter, cob weight per plant, seed weight per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and production per hectare. Heritability values in the broad sense of 20 genotypes tested ranged from 8,935 to 96.43%. The character of cob position height, beard diameter character, cob weight per plant, Seed weight per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and production per hectare have medium genetic diversity. Obtained 9 genotypes were used as materials for the next selection program, namely G8, G11, G12, G13, G15, G17, G18, G19, and G20 because they had the best production per hectare.
Keyword: Ear to row selection, a maize plant, heritability, coefficient of genetic diversity
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Amzeri, A., 2009. Penampilan Lima Genotipe Jagung Madura. Jurnal Agrovigor. 1 (1) : 16 – 24.
Amzeri, , A. 2015. Dasar-dasar Pemuliaan Tanaman. UTM-Press Bangkalan. 235 hal.
Barmawi, M., N. Sa’diyah dan E. Yantama. 2013. Kemajuan genetik dan heritabilitas karakter agronomi kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) generasi F2 persilangan wilis dan Mlg2521. Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung.
Azrai M. 2013. Jagung Hibrida Genjah : Prospek Pengembangan Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim. IPTEK Tanaman Pangan. 8 (2) : 90-96.
Mc. Whirter. K.S.1979. Breeding of Cross-Pollinated Crop. In R. Knight (ed) Plant Breeding. Australia Vice Consellors Comite, Brisbane. P 79-111.
Miligan, S.B., K.A. Gravios and A. Martine, 1996. Inheretance of Sugarcane Ratooning Ability and The relationship of Younger Crop Traits to Older Crop Traits. Crop Sci. 35:45-50.
Olakojo, S. A. And Olaoye, G., 2011. Correlation and heritability estimates of maize agronomic traits for yield improvement and Striga asiatica (L.) kuntze tolerance. African Journal of Plant Science. 5(6) : 365-369.
Sari, L.W., Nugrahaeni, N., Kuswanto, dan Basuki, N., 2013. Interaksi genotipe x lingkungan galur-galur harapan kedelai (Glycine max (L)). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 1 (5) : 434 – 441.
Singh, R. K., and B.D. Chaudary.1977. Biometrical Methods In Quantitative Genetics Analisis. Kalyani Publ. Indiana New Delhi. 304 p.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v12i1.5228Metrics
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Achmad Amzeri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.