Daya Gabung dan Heterosis Melon Hibrida pada Ketahanan terhadap Powdery Mildew dan Produksi Tinggi

Achmad Amzeri, Nur Hidayah

Abstract

Evaluasi nilai daya gabung umum (DGU), daya gabung khusus (DGK), heterosis dan heterobeltiosis dibutuhkan untuk menentukan arah program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya gabung dan heterosis komponen hasil tanaman melon hibrida pada persilangan diallel lengkap untuk memilih melon hibrida yang mempunyai sifat tahan terhadap penyakit powdery mildew dan produksi tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pamekasan-Madura, Indonesia. Penelitian meng gunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 25 genotip sebagai perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 75 unit percoban.  Genotip yang digunakan adalah 25 genotip hasil persilangan dialel lengkap, yaitu : 5 penyerbukan sendiri tetua, 10 tanaman F1 dan 10 tanaman F1 resiprok. Parameter pengamatan adalah infeksi tingkat daun, tingkat infeksi tanaman, tingkat infeksi populasi, dan bobot buah. Pendugaan daya gabung umum (DGU), daya gabung khusus (DGK) dan heterosis diperoleh dari analisis dialel menggunakan pendekatan Griffing metode I.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Karakter tingkat infeksi daun dan bobot buah dikendalikan oleh oleh aksi gen aditif sedangkan untuk karakter tingkat infeksi tanaman dan tingkat infeksi populasi dikenndalikan oleh aksi gen dominan.  Pengaruh ekstrakromosomal terjadi pada karakter tingkat infeksi populasi dan bobot buah.  Galur 1 (PK165), galur 3 (PK464) dan 5 (PK667) mempunyai DGU tinggi pada karakter bobot buah sehingga bisa digunakan untuk merakit varietas hibrida berdaya hasil tinggi atau digunakan sebagai varietas unggul bersari bebas. Persilangan 1(PK165) x3(PK464), 2 (PK176)x5(PK667), 3(PK464)x1(PK165), dan 3(PK464) x5(PK667) adalah hibrida yang mempunyai nilai DGU, DGK, heterosis dan hetrobeltiosis tinggi pada karakter bobot buah, tingkat infeksi daun, tanaman dan populasi.

Keywords

Daya gabung; heterosis; melon hibrida; persilangan dialel

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v15i3.26123

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