KAJIAN FILOGENETIK IKAN TUNA (Thunnus spp) SEBAGAI DATA PENGELOLAAN DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR KEPULAUAN MALUKU, INDONESIA
Abstract
Ikan tuna (Thunnus Spp) adalah ikan pelagis yang memilili kemampuan migrasi dan nilai komersial. Kondisi oseanografie Maluku Utara dan Ambon mendukung kelimpahan stok populasi sumberdaya. Pengetahuan filogenetik dapat membantu menunjukan hubungan evolusioner dari suatu organisme yang disimpulkan dari data morfologi dan molekuler. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui filogenetik ikan tuna di perairan Maluku Utara dan Ambon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PCR-Sequencing. Analisis molekuler menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan primer CRK-CRE, elektroforesis. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor joining dan model evolusi Kimura 2-parameter dilakukan dengan aplikasi MEGA5. Hasil penelitian filogenetik menemukan terdapat empat empat clade spesies ikan tuna yang saling berbeda (tuna mata besar ; tuna sirip kuing ; tuna alalunga ; cakalang ). Jarak genetik tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) adalah 0.09, tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) adalah 0.19, tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore), sebesar 0.21, tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) cakalang (K.pelamis) adalah 0.34, cakalang (K.pelamis) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) adalah 0.39 dan tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) dengan Cakalang (K.pelamis) adalah 0.34. Semua hasil menunjukan perbedaan genetik yang signifikan, genetik spesies tuna berasal dari satu kelompok dan filogeografi memiliki batas distribusi yang nyata antar satu dengan yang lain.
Kata Kunci : Thunnus, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Pohon Filogenetik, primer CRK-CRE, , Neighbor joining, Kimura 2-parameter, jarak genetik, MEGA5, filogeografi.
ABSTRACT
Tuna (Thunnus Spp) is a pelagic fish that has migration capabilities and commercial value. The condition of North Maluku and Ambon oceanographies supports the abundance of resource population stocks. Phylogenetic knowledge can help show the evolutionary relationship of an organism inferred from morphological and molecular data. The aim of the study was to determine phylogenetic of tuna in the waters of North Maluku and Ambon. This study used the PCR-Sequencing method. Molecular analysis uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with CRK-CRE primer, electrophoresis. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter evolution model was carried out with the MEGA5 application. The results of phylogenetic research found that there were four four different clades of tuna species (bigeye tuna; kuing fin tuna; alalunga tuna; cakalang). The genetic distance of big eye tuna (T.obesus) with yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) is 0.09, bigeye tuna (T.obesus) with tuna alalunga (T.albacore) is 0.19, yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) with tuna alalunga (T.albacore), for 0.21, big eye tuna (T.obesus) with alalunga tuna (T.albacore) cakalang (K.pelamis) is 0.34, cakalang (K.pelamis) with alalunga tuna (T.albacore) is 0.39 and yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) with Cakalang (K. pelamis) are 0.34. All results show significant genetic differences, genetic tuna species come from one group and filogeography has a real distribution boundary between one another.
Keywords: Thunnus, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Phylogenetic Tree, CRK-CRE primer, Neighbor joining, Kimura 2-parameter, genetic distance, MEGA5, filogeography.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v11i2.3459
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