Identifikasi Jenis Mikroplastik Di Perairan Laut Kabupaten Aceh Barat Provinsi Aceh
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Jenis mikroplastik di perairan laut menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan karena menggambarkan karakteristik dan sumber pencemar yang terdapat di perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis mikroplastik yang menjadi bahan pencemar di perairan laut Aceh Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei 2024 dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan ember, plankton net, dan botol sampel. Identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Produktivitas Lingkungan Perairan Universitas Teuku Umar dengan mengamati 1 ml sampel air laut di bawah mikroskop binokuler perbesaran 4 × 0,10 µm menggunakan pola pengamatan zig-zag. Hasil menunjukkan empat jenis mikroplastik, yaitu fiber (540) partikel, fragment (518) partikel, film (598) partikel, dan pellet (23) partikel. Keberadaan mikroplastik pada lokasi penelitian diduga berkaitan dengan aktivitas masyarakat nelayan di pesisir pantai dan muara sungai yang berkontribusi terhadap masuknya sampah ke perairan. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat empat jenis mikroplastik dengan jenis pellet tidak ditemukan pada stasiun II karena rendahnya aktivitas masyarakat. Perlu adanya langkah pengumpulan informasi komposisi mikroplastik secara lebih menyeluruh sebagai dasar pengelolaan lingkungan pesisir dan pengendalian pencemaran plastik di perairan laut Kabupaten Aceh Barat.
Kata Kunci: Mikroplastik, Jenis Mikroplastik, Aceh Barat.
ABSTRACT
The types of microplastics in marine waters are important to note because they describe the characteristics and sources of pollution found in these waters. This study aims to determine the types of microplastics that are pollutants in the marine waters of West Aceh. The study was conducted in May 2024 by taking samples using buckets, plankton nets, and sample bottles. Identification was carried out at the Aquatic Environmental Productivity Laboratory of Teuku Umar University by observing 1 ml of seawater samples under a binocular microscope at a magnification of 4 × 0.10 µm using a zig-zag observation pattern. The results showed four types of microplastics, namely fiber (540) particles, fragment (518) particles, film (598) particles, and pellet (23) particles. The presence of microplastics at the study site is suspected to be related to the activities of fishing communities on the coast and river estuaries that contribute to the entry of waste into the waters. It was concluded that there were four types of microplastics with pellets not found at station II due to low community activity. There is a need for more comprehensive steps to collect information on the composition of microplastics as a basis for coastal environmental management and controlling plastic pollution in the marine waters of West Aceh Regency.
Keywords: Microplastics, Type of Microplastic, West Aceh.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v19i1.33937
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