Pemetaan Indeks Bahaya Gelombang Ekstrem dan Abrasi Pantai Berbasis Fuzzy Overlay di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah rentan terhadap bahaya gelombang ekstrim dan abrasi pantai karena berhadapan langsung dengan Samudra Hindia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan distribusi spasial indeks bahaya gelombang ekstrim dan abrasi pantai serta mengidentifikasi area prioritas mitigasi di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan fuzzy overlay dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan mengintegrasikan lima parameter, yaitu tinggi gelombang, arus laut, tipologi pantai, bentuk garis pantai, dan tutupan vegetasi. Setiap parameter dinormalisasi ke dalam fungsi keanggotaan fuzzy, kemudian dioverlay untuk menghasilkan indeks bahaya yang diklasifikasikan menjadi kelas rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa area bahaya terkonsentrasi pada wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa yang meliputi Desa Harapan, Padang Betuah, Pasar Pedati, Pekik Nyaring, dan Pondok Kelapa. Tidak terdapat kelas bahaya rendah pada seluruh area analisis, sehingga seluruh desa pesisir berada minimal pada kelas bahaya sedang. Kelas bahaya tinggi paling dominan teridentifikasi di Desa Pondok Kelapa dengan luas 75.2 ha. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, Desa Pondok Kelapa ditetapkan sebagai prioritas utama mitigasi, diikuti oleh Padang Betuah dan Pekik Nyaring. Pendekatan fuzzy overlay efektif menggambarkan gradasi bahaya pesisir dan mendukung penetapan prioritas mitigasi berbasis spasial.
Kata Kunci: abrasi pantai; fuzzy overlay; gelombang ekstrem; indeks bahaya; pesisir Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
ABSTRACT
The coastal area of Central Bengkulu Regency is highly exposed to extreme waves and coastal abrasion due to its direct interaction with the Indian Ocean. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of the extreme wave and coastal abrasion hazard index and to identify mitigation priority areas along the coast of Central Bengkulu. A fuzzy overlay approach within a Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied by integrating five key parameters: wave height, sea current, coastal typology, shoreline shape, and vegetation cover. Each parameter was normalized using fuzzy membership functions and combined to generate a hazard index classified into low, moderate, and high categories. The results show that hazard areas are concentrated along the coastal zone of Pondok Kelapa District, covering Harapan, Padang Betuah, Pasar Pedati, Pekik Nyaring, and Pondok Kelapa villages. No low-hazard areas were identified, indicating that all analyzed coastal villages fall at least within the moderate hazard category. The highest hazard was concentrated in Pondok Kelapa Village, covering 75.2 ha. Based on these findings, Pondok Kelapa was identified as the top mitigation priority, followed by Padang Betuah and Pekik Nyaring. The study demonstrates that fuzzy overlay effectively captures the spatial gradation of coastal hazards and provides a practical basis for setting mitigation priorities.
Keywords: coastal abrasion; coastal area Central Bengkulu Regency; extreme waves; fuzzy overlay; hazard index
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v19i1.33882
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Jurnal Kelautan by Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura