Faktor Biokonsentrasi (BCF) Dan Faktor Translokasi (TF) Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) Pada Beberapa Jenis Mangrove Dari Ekosistem Pesisir Bangkalan Madura, Jawa Timur
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Tekanan antropogenik di kawasan pesisir, seperti industri, perikanan, dan transportasi laut, meningkatkan potensi cemaran logam berat, termasuk tembaga (Cu), yang bersifat toksik pada kadar tinggi. Mangrove berperan sebagai agen fitoremediasi melalui kemampuan menyerap dan mengakumulasi logam berat pada jaringan tanaman, terutama akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan kemampuan serapan beberapa jenis mangrove terhadap Cu di perairan pesisir Martajasah. Konsentrasi tembaga (Cu) dianalisis pada masing-masing sampel sedimen, akar, dan daun mangrove dari 7 spesies pohon mangrove dengan total 21 sampel. Parameter lingkungan perairan diukur secara in situ (suhu, salinitas, pH tanah, dan DO). Preparasi sampel dilakukan melalui destruksi basah menggunakan HNO₃ dan H₂O₂, kemudian konsentrasi tembaga (Cu) dianalisis menggunakan AAS. Nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) dan translokasi (TF) dihitung untuk menilai akumulasi dan kemampuan mangrove mentransport logam berat Cu dari sedimen menuju akar dan daun. Xylocarpus moluccensis menunjukkan faktor biokonsentrasi tertinggi baik pada akar maupun daun, namun dengan translokasi yang rendah, yang menunjukkan peran potensialnya sebagai bioakumulator sekaligus fitostabilisator di lingkungan pesisir yang terkontaminasi tembaga (Cu). Sebaliknya Avicennia officinalis dengan nilai faktor translokasi tertinggi namun dengan biokonsentrasi rendah mengindikasikan kemampuan penyerapan awal tembaga (Cu) yang rendah dengan mekanisme translokasi tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Mangrove, Biokonsentrasi, Translokasi, Logam Berat, Tembaga
ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas, including industrial activities, fisheries, and maritime transportation, increase the risk of heavy metal contamination, particularly copper (Cu), which is toxic at elevated concentrations. Mangroves play a crucial role as phytoremediation agents due to their ability to absorb and accumulate heavy metals within plant tissues, especially in the roots. This study aimed to analyze and compare the uptake capacity of several mangrove species toward Cu in the coastal waters of Martajasah. Copper (Cu) concentrations were determined in sediment, root, and leaf samples collected from seven mangrove species, with a total of 21 samples. Environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, soil pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO), were measured in situ. Sample preparation was conducted using wet digestion with HNO₃ and H₂O₂, followed by Cu analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) were calculated to evaluate the accumulation capacity and the ability of mangroves to transport Cu from sediment to plant tissues. Xylocarpus moluccensis exhibited the highest bioconcentration factors in both roots and leaves, but relatively low translocation, indicating its potential role as both a bioaccumulator and a phytostabilizer in Cu-contaminated coastal environments, whereas Avicennia officinalis showed the highest translocation factor but low bioconcentration, suggesting limited initial Cu uptake with a more efficient internal translocation mechanism.
Kata Kunci: Mangrove, Phytoremediation, Heavy Metal, Copper, Bangkalan
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v19i1.32821
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