Pendekatan Metabarcoding eDNA untuk Mendeteksi Keanekaragaman Spons Laut: Sistematik Literatur Review dan Bibliometrik Analisis
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan, fokus tematik, dan arah riset terkait penggunaan environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi spons laut (Porifera). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) berbasis PRISMA dan analisis bibliometrik terhadap artikel terindeks Scopus tahun 2009–2025. Dari 116 publikasi awal, 42 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan VOSviewer untuk mengidentifikasi tren publikasi, pola kolaborasi penulis-negara, serta struktur klaster kata kunci. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan publikasi sejak 2017, dengan kontribusi terbesar berasal dari Britania Raya, Spanyol, dan Amerika Serikat. Analisis kata kunci menghasilkan lima klaster utama yang mencerminkan arah riset global, yaitu (1) genetika dan biodiversitas, (2) mikrobioma dan metagenomik, (3) ekologi terumbu karang, (4) invertebrata laut, serta (5) lingkungan ekstrem. Meskipun eDNA metabarcoding terbukti sensitif untuk mendeteksi komunitas spons, tantangan utama yang ditemukan mencakup keterbatasan marker gen yang belum universal serta kelengkapan basis data taksonomi yang masih rendah. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada penggabungan SLR dan bibliometrik secara khusus pada spons laut, sehingga mampu mengungkap kesenjangan geografis, keterbatasan metodologis, serta menawarkan rekomendasi strategis berupa standardisasi protokol, penguatan basis data referensi lokal, dan perluasan kolaborasi internasional, terutama di wilayah megabiodiversitas seperti Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: eDNA, metabarcoding, Porifera, bibliometric, keanekaragaman hayati.
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the development, thematic focus, and research direction of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding applied to the detection and identification of marine sponges (Porifera). A systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA and a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications from 2009–2025 were conducted. From an initial 116 records, 42 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using VOSviewer to identify publication trends, author–country collaborations, and keyword cluster structures. Results show a substantial increase in publications since 2017, with major contributions from the United Kingdom, Spain, and the United States. Keyword analysis revealed five major thematic clusters: (1) genetics and biodiversity, (2) microbiome and metagenomics, (3) coral reef ecology, (4) marine invertebrates, and (5) extreme environments. Although eDNA metabarcoding demonstrates high sensitivity for sponge detection, key challenges include non-universal genetic markers and incomplete taxonomic reference databases. The novelty of this study lies in integrating SLR and bibliometric approaches specifically for marine sponges, allowing the identification of geographic gaps, methodological limitations, and providing strategic recommendations for protocol standardization, the development of local reference databases, and enhanced international collaboration, particularly in megabiodiverse regions such as Indonesia.
Keywords: eDNA, metabarcoding, Porifera, bibliometric analysis, biodiversity.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.32404
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Jurnal Kelautan by Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura