Kearifan Lokal Pemanfaatan Mangrove Untuk Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Pesisir Di Desa Jaring Halus, Sumatera Utara
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan biodiversitas hutan mangrove dalam upaya menjaga ketahanan pangan masyarakat pesisir sangat penting untuk diketahui. Mengingat pengetahuan tradisional sudah menjadi aset sosial yang penting maka fungsinya dalam masyarakat sekitar hutan harus diidentifikasi dengan jelas. Identifikasi spesies flora dan fauna di ekosistem mangrove dapat diarahkan untuk meningkatkan potensi diversifikasi dalam penggunaannya khususnya bagi masyarakat pesisir yang hidup berdampingan dengan hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis flora dan fauna mangrove yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat serta bentuk kearifan lokal dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan di Desa Jaring Halus, Kabupaten Langkat. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan 35 responden dan observasi lapangan terhadap vegetasi dan fauna mangrove. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat memanfaatkan 14 jenis tumbuhan dan 15 jenis ikan dan udang sebagai sumber pangan dan bahan pengobatan. Kearifan lokal berupa tradisi Jamu Laut berperan penting dalam menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove. Pemanfaatan mangrove lebih dominan untuk bahan bakar dan kayu bangunan dibanding pangan langsung. Pengetahuan lokal ini berpotensi mendukung pengembangan strategi ketahanan pangan berbasis ekosistem pesisir.
Kata Kunci: Kearifan lokal, Mangrove, Pangan, Pemanfaatan, Pesisir
ABSTRACT
Understanding the use of mangrove forest biodiversity in maintaining food security in coastal communities is crucial. Given that traditional knowledge has become a significant social asset, its function within communities surrounding the forest must be clearly identified. Identification of flora and fauna species in the mangrove ecosystem can be directed towards increasing the potential for diversification, particularly for coastal communities living adjacent to mangrove forests. This study aims to identify the types of mangrove flora and fauna utilized by the community and the forms of local wisdom in maintaining food security in Jaring Halus Village, Langkat Regency. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 35 respondents and field observations of mangrove vegetation and fauna. The results indicate that the community utilizes 14 plant species and 15 fish and shrimp species as food sources and medicinal ingredients. Local wisdom, the Jamu Laut tradition, plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves are predominantly used for fuel and building wood rather than for direct food. This local knowledge has the potential to support the development of coastal ecosystem-based food security strategies.
Keywords: Local wisdom, Mangrove, Food, Utilization, Coastal
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.32317
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura