Sebaran Spasial Fitoplankton Dan Hubungannya Dengan Parameter Lingkungan Perairan Pesisir Utara Kota Tanjungpinang
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Perairan pesisir utara Kota Tanjungpinang berupa estuari yang meliputi daerah Sebauk, Kampung Madong, Sei Nyirih, dan Air Raja. Keberadaan fitoplankton di perairan estuari dapat menjadi gambaran produktivitas primer yang dapat menunjang produksi perikanan. Riset yang dilakukan pada Juli 2024 dan Januari 2025 ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan sebaran spasial fitoplankton serta hubungan parameter lingkungan terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan pesisir utara Kota Tanjungpinang. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dan air untuk analisis nutrien serta pengukuran beberapa parameter lingkungan dilakukan di 30 titik sampling yang ditentukan secara acak sistematis. Kelimpahan fitoplankton pada Januari 2005 lebih tinggi dari Juli 2024. Sebaran spasial fitoplankton pada bulan Juli 2024 dan Januari 2025 menunjukkan pola yang serupa yaitu kelimpahan tinggi di area tengah perairan (Kampung Madong dan Sei Nyirih), dan kelimpahan yang rendah bagian timur (Air Raja) dan barat (Sebauk). Hal ini juga sejalan dengan sebaran spasial konsentrasi nutrien nitrat dan fosfat. Konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton pada kedua periode pengamatan. Temuan ini menyoroti peran penting ketersediaan nutrien dalam mengatur dinamika fitoplankton di wilayah studi.
Kata kunci : Chaetoceros, fitoplankton, fosfat, nitrat, sebaran spasial
ABSTRACT
The northern coastal waters of Tanjungpinang City comprise estuarine ecosystems encompassing Sebauk, Kampung Madong, Sei Nyirih, and Air Raja. Phytoplankton communities in estuarine waters are widely recognized as indicators of primary productivity and play a crucial role in supporting fisheries resources. This study was conducted in July 2024 and January 2025 to assess phytoplankton abundance, evaluate the relationships between environmental parameters and phytoplankton abundance, and examine the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in the northern coastal waters of Tanjungpinang. Phytoplankton and water samples for nutrient analyses, together with in situ measurements of environmental parameters, were collected from 30 sampling stations established using a systematic random sampling approach. Phytoplankton abundance was higher in January 2025 than in July 2024. Spatial analysis revealed a consistent distribution pattern during both sampling periods, with the highest phytoplankton abundance occurring in the central waters (Kampung Madong and Sei Nyirih) and lower abundance in the eastern (Air Raja) and western (Sebauk) areas. This spatial pattern corresponded closely with the distribution of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Furthermore, nitrate and phosphate concentrations were positively and significantly correlated with phytoplankton abundance during both observation periods, highlighting the important role of nutrient availability in regulating phytoplankton dynamics in the study area.
Keywords : Chaetoceros, nitrate, phosphate, phytoplankton, spatial distribution
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v19i2.31065
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