Evaluasi Komponen Harmonik Pasang Surut Dengan Data Altimetri Pesisir Dan Tide Gauge Di Pesisir Barat Daya Sumatera
Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi akuisisi data menghasilkan alternatif dalam pengamatan pasang surut (pasut) selain menggunakan stasiun lapangan (tide gauge) yaitu satelit altimetri. Peningkatan ketelitian dari sistem retracker di pesisir menjadi parameter untuk meninjau tingkat kebaikan penggunaan satelit altimetri dalam pengamatan pasut sebagai pelengkap data tide gauge. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis harmonik dengan metode least square, menghasilkan nilai konstituen pasut utama yang digunakan dalam analisis kesesuaian data altimetri dibanding dengan tide gauge. Menggunakan dua stasiun di barat daya Sumatera, stasiun Krui menghasilkan amplitudo konstituen dominan K2 sebesar 0,034 m dan stasiun pasut Seblat dengan konstituen dominan K1 sebesar 0,035 m. Data altimetri Jason-1, Jason-2 dan Jason-3 pada pass 153 untuk data ALES dan GDR menghasilkan komponen pasut dominan P1 sebesar 0,283 m dan 0,354 m. Pass 077 data ALES dan GDR menghasilkan komponen pasut dominan P1 sebesar 0,532 m dan 0,313 m. Hasil analisis kesesuaian data antara satelit altimetri dan stasiun pasang surut diperoleh bahwa data ALES lebih baik di pesisir dengan jarak < 10 km dari garis pantai. Sedangkan data GDR lebih baik untuk pesisir berjarak > 10 km dari garis pantai. Disamping itu, apabila pengamatan dilakukan pada jarak yang lebih besar dari pesisir dapat menggunakan kombinasi dari kedua data tersebut.
Kata Kunci: analisis harmonik, muka air laut, pesisir, satelit altimetri, stasiun pasut
ABSTRACTThe advancement of data acquisition technology has provided alternatives to tide gauge observations for sea-level monitoring, namely satellite altimetry. The accuracy improvement of retracking systems in coastal regions is a key parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of satellite altimetry as a complement to tide gauge data. This study applied harmonic analysis using the least squares method to obtain tidal constituents, which were then used to assess the consistency of altimetry data compared with tide gauges. Two tide gauge stations on the west coast of Sumatra were analyzed: Krui, where the dominant tidal constituent was K2 with an amplitude of 0.034 m, and Seblat, where the dominant constituent was K1 with an amplitude of 0.035 m. Altimetry data from Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 along pass 153 produced dominant P1 constituent with an amplitudes of 0.283 m (ALES) and 0.354 m (GDR), while pass 077 yielded P1 with amplitudes of 0.532 m (ALES) and 0.313 m (GDR). The results indicate that ALES data are more reliable within 10 km of the coastline, whereas GDR data perform better beyond 10 km. Furthermore, a combination of both datasets is recommended for improved tidal representation in the coastal zone of West Sumatra.
Keywords: altimetry satellite, coastal zone, harmonic analysis, sea level, tide gauge
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.25780
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura