Isolasi dan Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Rhizosfer dari Sedimen Mangrove Jenis Rhizopora sp. di Ekosistem Mangrove Tapak, Semarang
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang memiliki tingkat kesuburan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya karena lokasinya yang masih dipengaruhi pasang surut air laut. Kesuburan tersebut juga dipengaruhi oleh tingginya unsur hara yang terkandung dalam sedimen khususnya rhizosfer atau sedimen yang berada di area sistem perakaran. Hal tersebut juga mendukung adanya pertumbuhan bakteri. Bakteri yang hidup di rhizosfer disebut dengan bakteri rhizosfer yang memiliki peranan penting dalam siklus biogeokimia sehingga dapat mengontrol lingkungan kimiawi mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui isolat dan jenis dari bakteri rhizosfer yang didapatkan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di ekosistem mangrove Tapak pada November 2021 dan analisis sampelnya dilakukan pada bulan November 2021 – Februari 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksploratif. Sampel sedimen diambil pada 3 stasiun menggunakan sediment core. Sampel sedimen kemudian diisolasi pada media GSP dan nutrient agar untuk mendapatkan isolat murni. Sebanyak 19 isolat diperoleh dengan 9 isolat Gram positif dan 10 isolat Gram negatif, seluruh bentuk sel yang didapatkan adalah basil. Isolat TC.1c dilakukan identifikasi molekuler menggunakan primer universal 27F dan 1492R dengan amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat TC.1c merupakan Bacillus mycoides yang memiliki potensi dalam mendegradasi bahan organic dan berperan dalam siklus denitrifikasi.
Kata kunci: Mangrove, PCR, Rhizosfer, Sedimen
ABSTRACT
The mangrove ecosystem is an ecosystem that has a higher fertility level compared to others because of its location, which is still influenced by the tides of seawater. This fertility is also influenced by the high nutrient content contained in sediments, especially in the rhizosphere or sediments that are present in the root system area. This also supports the growth of bacteria. Bacteria that live in the rhizosphere are called rhizosphere bacteria, which plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle, thus being able to control the chemical environment of the mangrove. The objective of this study was to determined the isolates and types of rhizosphere bacteria obtained. Sampling was conducted in the Tapak mangrove ecosystem On November 2021, and sample analysis was carried out from November 2021 to February 2022. This study utilized an exploratory approach. Sediment samples were taken at 3 stations using a sediment core. The sediment samples were then isolated on GSP and nutrient agar media to obtain pure isolates. A total of 19 isolates were obtained, with 9 Gram-positive isolates and 10 Gram-negative isolates, and all the cell forms obtained were bacilli. Isolate TC.1c was molecularly identified using the universal primers 27F and 1492R with amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. The identification results indicate that the TC.1c isolate is Bacillus mycoides, which has the potential for degrading organic matter and plays a role in the denitrification cycle.
Keywords: Mangrove, PCR, Rhizosphere, Sediment
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v16i2.15952
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura