The Role of Jurisprudence in Activating the Rules of Justice as a Source of Civil Law

Sattar Jabbar Zayer

doi:10.21107/tlr.v7i2.29310

The Role of Jurisprudence in Activating the Rules of Justice as a Source of Civil Law

Sattar Jabbar Zayer

Abstract

This article examines the concept of the rules of justice and their application within the Iraqi legal system, conducting a comparative analysis of other legal frameworks. The study utilizes doctrinal legal research to explore this issue based on primary and secondary sources, albeit with case laws of the Iraqi courts serving to occupy the research samples from which we have been inspired to ascertain the image of justice rules in the Iraqi milieu and the degree of commitment in assimilating the epistemology of justice in comparative legal systems. Judiciary can make law more realistic and living, its conclusions are further called for high-level ability of diligence, logic and facts-based induction to create a solution based upon the rules of justice in the realm of judicial jurisprudence, which operates in the current legal regime. Ultimately, this study provides crucial lessons regarding the changing cardiopulmonary role of the rules of justice through varying legal traditions and highlights the indispensable nature of judicial jurisprudence in upholding the principles of equality and justice.

Keywords

Jurisprudence, Activating the rules of justice; Judicial precedents; Iraqi civil law

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdul Manap, Nazura, and Omar Aljuboori. “Legal Protections for Victims of Cyber Blackmail in The Republic of Iraq, The United States, and Malaysia.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2024): 334–49. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.657.

Abdulridha, Jaafar Naser, Qusay Ali Abbas, and Salwan Jaber Hashim. “The Philosophy of Private Deterrence in the Penal Code.” Cuestiones Políticas 38, no. Especial II (December 8, 2020): 141–50. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.10.

Abdulridha, Jaafar Naser, Salwan Jaber Hashim, and Evgeny Batirovich Sultanov. “Constitutional Foundations and Legal Restrictions on Mass Media Freedom in the Republic of Iraq.” International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.90.

———. “Legal Basis for the Interaction between Local with State Authorities.” Cuestiones Políticas 38, no. Especial II (December 8, 2020): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.09.

Abed, Raghad Fawzi. “Terms of Reference of The Iraqi Commercial Court.” Akkad Journal of Law and Public Policy 1, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i1.63.

Afrin, Zakia. “Post-Conflict Justice in Iraq.” Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law. Vol. 14, 2008.

Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen, Esther Chetachukwu Aidonojie, Mercy Osemudiame Okpoko, Eregbuonye Obieshi, and Joshua John Damina. “International Legal Framework in Curtailing Hazardous Covid-19 Medical Waste: Issues and Challenges.” Decova Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2025): 1–17. https://ejournal.pustakaparawali.com/index.php/dlj.

Anderson, Merrick. Just Prospering? Plato and the Sophistic Debate about Justice. British AcademyLondon, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267660.001.0001.

Ayoub, Samy A. “A Theory of a State? How Civil Law Ended Legal Pluralism in Modern Egypt.” Journal of Law and Religion 37, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 133–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2021.79.

Baharuddin, Ahmad Syukran. “Expanding Horizons in Syariah And Law Scholarship.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 11, no. 1 (May 27, 2023): i–iv. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol11no1.444.

———. “Interdisciplinary Insights into Syariah and Legal Discourse: Navigating Critical Dimensions, Contemporary Challenges, and Global Impact.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): v–x. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol11no2.706.

Bambang Sumantri, Ane Nor Cahya Ilmiah, and Salfanil Farizi. “Fulfillment of the Constitutional Rights for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in General Elections.” Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law 1, no. 3 (December 16, 2024): 176–93. https://doi.org/10.71239/jicl.v1i3.28.

Bennett, J. Z., Daphne M. Brydon, Jeffrey T. Ward, Dylan B. Jackson, Leah Ouellet, Rebecca Turner, and Laura S. Abrams. “In the Wake of Miller and Montgomery: A National View of People Sentenced to Juvenile Life without Parole.” Journal of Criminal Justice 93 (July 1, 2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102199.

Brunk, Ingrid, and Monica Hakimi. “The Prohibition of Annexations and The Foundations of Modern International Law.” American Journal of International Law, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2024.26.

Card, Kiffer G., and Kirk J. Hepburn. “Is Neoliberalism Killing Us? A Cross Sectional Study of the Impact of Neoliberal Beliefs on Health and Social Wellbeing in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services 53, no. 3 (July 22, 2023): 363–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207314221134040.

Daftary-Kapur, Tarika, Tina M. Zottoli, Tristin Faust, and Ryan Schneider. “A First Look at the Reentry Experiences of Juvenile Lifers Released in Philadelphia.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 28, no. 3 (August 2022): 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000344.

Darling, Linda T. “Medieval Egyptian Society and the Concept of the Circle of Justice (MSR X.2, 2006),” n.d. https://doi.org/10.6082/M1G44ND9.

David, Arlette. “Law, Pharaonic Egypt.” In The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15239.

Davis, Angela J. “Reimagining Prosecution: A Growing Progressive Movement,” 2019. http://perma.cc/X6H8-RKM3].

Dimyati, Khudzaifah, Mukharom Ridho, Kelik Wardiono, Absori Absori, and Arief Budiono. “Developing Islamic Legal Philosophy-Based Assurance of Justice.” WISDOM 24, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 193–203. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.808.

Etheridge, Christopher. “Jeremiah Newman; Foundations of Justice: A Historicocritical Study in Thomism.” The Incarnate Word 9, no. 2 (2022): 176–78. https://doi.org/10.5840/tiw20229217.

Genat, Mélisande. “Tribal Justice and State Law in Iraq.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 507–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743821000829.

Gjorgievska, Emilija, and Dijana Gjorgieva. “General Characteristics of the Anglo-American Legal System with a Special Focus on Civil Procedure.” International Scientific Journal Sui Generis 2, no. 1 (2023): 65–84. https://doi.org/10.55843/sg2321065gj.

Grounds, Adrian, and Nicola Padfield. “An English Perspective.” In Safeguarding the Quality of Forensic Assessment in Sentencing, 34–62. Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351266482-3.

Habibullah, Abd Wachid, Karindra Yusnita Puji Rahayu, Ananda Tsany Tsabita, Diyanah Artu Aini, and Dewi Marantika. “Actualization of Public Service Principles by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law 1, no. 2 (October 2024): 126–39. https://doi.org/10.71239/jicl.v1i2.30.

Hadfield, G. K., and B. R. Weingast. “What Is Law? A Coordination Model of the Characteristics of Legal Order.” Journal of Legal Analysis 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 471–514. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/las008.

Hagan, John, Gabrielle Ferrales, and Guillermina Jasso. “How Law Rules: Terror, Torture and the Normative Judgments of Iraqi Judges.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.910925.

Hamad, Hamad Kareem. “The Philosophy of Contract between Theory and Practice.” Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 17, 2024). https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i2.2175.

Hazrati, M., and R.J. Heffron. “Conceptualising Restorative Justice in the Energy Transition: Changing the Perspectives of Fossil Fuels.” Energy Research & Social Science 78 (August 2021): 102115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102115.

Hernández, Gleider I. “The Essential Judicial Function and the International Legal System.” In The International Court of Justice and the Judicial Function, 240–80. Oxford University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646630.003.0008.

Husain, Sahin, Nasir Purkon Ayoub, and Mukhammadolim Hassmann. “Legal Pluralism in Contemporary Societies: Dynamics of Interaction between Islamic Law and Secular Civil Law.” SYARIAT: Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah and Muamalah 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.35335/cfb3wk76.

Ignatov, V. I., Y. V. Kataev, V. S. Gerasimov, and N. K. Baulin. “The System of Disposal of Equipment in the Agro-Industrial Complex and Issues of the Legislative Framework.” Sel’skohozjajstvennaja Tehnika: Obsluzhivanie i Remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 56–67. https://doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2110-08.

Jufri, Muwaffiq, Raphael D. Jackson-Ortiz, Putra Perdana Ahmad Saifulloh, Evis Garunja, and Sonia Ivana Barus. “State Power Limitations on Religion for the Fulfillment of the Constitutional Rights of Indigenous Religion Believers in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law 1, no. 3 (2024): 194–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71239/jicl.v1i3.23.

Jufri, Muwaffiq, Safi Safi, Paul Atagamen Aidonojie, Yusuf Ibrahim Arowosaiye, and Zaini Zain. “Religion and State in Islamic Constitutional Law: The Role of Pesantren in Strengthening Symbiotic Islam and The State in Madura.” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 21, no. 2 (2024): 221–46. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v21i2.9283.

Landes, William M., and Richard A. Posner. “Rational Judicial Behavior: A Statistical Study.” Journal of Legal Analysis 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 775–831. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/1.2.775.

Lieberman, Felix, ed. Die Gesetze Der Angelsachsen. Cambridge University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316225103.i

Manhal, Ali Hussein. “Moral Clauses in Contracts: An Iraqi Law Perspective.” Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 4 (June 23, 2023): e03448. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n4-004.

Markom, Ruzian. “The Role of Law and Shariah Governance in Islamic Finance Towards Social Justice in Diversity Diponegoro Law Review.” Vol. 03, 2018. http://www.bnm.gov.my/guidelines/01_banking/04_prudential_stds/Concept%20Paper_C.

Mironova, Vera, and Sam Whitt. “Due Process and Accountability Under Transitional Justice: Evidence from Mosul, Iraq.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 66, no. 9 (October 21, 2022): 1650–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027221093401.

Mol, Charlotte. “Not ‘The Norm’: Families, Individuals and Human Rights.” Utrecht Law Review 20, no. 2 (October 8, 2024): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.36633/ulr.1130.

Muhammad, Ramizah Wan, and Khairunnasriah Abdul Salam. “Islamic Law Department.” Journal of Law and Judicial System. Vol. 1. Jalan Gombak, 2018.

Mukhlis, Raphael D. Jackson-Ortiz, Muwaffiq Jufri, Evis Garunja, and Paul Atagamen Aidonojie. “Rejection of Former Shia Community in Sampang Perspective on Human Rights Law: Discourse of Religious Rights and Freedom in Indonesia.” Lex Scientia Law Review 7, no. 2 (2023): 237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.72156.

Muratov, Alexey V. “Social Justice in the Philosophy of Islam.” Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 23, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 272–76. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-272-276.

Naser Abdulridha, Jaafar, Salwan Jaber Hashim, and Evgeny Batirovich Sultanov. “Constitutional Foundations and Legal Restrictions on Mass Media Freedom in the Republic of Iraq.” International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 9 (April 5, 2022): 889–94. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.90.

Nasir, Muhammad, and Marudin Marudin. “Islamic Perspective on the Basic Concepts of Ethics.” The International Journal of Education Management and Sociology 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2022): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.58818/ijems.v1i1.5.

Newton, Michael A. “The Iraqi High Criminal Court: Controversy and Contributions.” International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (June 6, 2006): 399–425. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383106000592.

Nyekwere, Empire Hechime, Uche Nnawulezi, Septhian Eka Adiyatma, Kasim Balarabe, and Muhammad Abdul Rouf. “Constitutional and Judicial Interpretation of Environmental Laws in Nigeria, India and Canada.” Lex Scientia Law Review 7, no. 2 (November 14, 2023): 905–58. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.69394.

Pesch, Udo. “Institutions of Justice and Intuitions of Fairness: Contesting Goods, Rules and Inequalities.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, April 9, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2021.1913887.

Petrilli, Susan. “Justice, Fairness and Juridical Perfectibility.” International Journal of Legal Discourse 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2016-0011.

Reinders, Iris, and Joost Huijer. “The Legal Representation of Parents and Children During Placement Procedures in the Light of Article 8 ECHR.” Utrecht Law Review 20, no. 2 (October 8, 2024): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.36633/ulr.938.

Reus-Smit, Christian, and Ayşe Zarakol. “Polymorphic Justice and the Crisis of International Order.” International Affairs 99, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac232.

Revkin, Mara R, and Kristen Kao. “No Peace Without Punishment? Reintegrating Islamic State ‘Collaborators’ in Iraq.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 71, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 989–1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avae009.

Sakr, Dr. Darine. “Philosophical Rooting of The Idea of Justice.” BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية 2022, no. 1 (July 30, 2023). https://doi.org/10.54729/2958-4884.1103.

Samudera Erlangga, Afga, and Ellyne Dwi Poespasari. “Comparison of Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems in the Application of Jurisprudence.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 4, no. 6 (September 23, 2024): 2229–35. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i6.649.

Shu, Wang. “Aristotle’s Inner Logic of Justice: Based on the Nicomachus Ethics.” Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 9 (July 8, 2024): 131–39. https://doi.org/10.62051/cj0fh925.

Sidiqah, Meliyani. “Legal Vacuum in Interfaith Marriage Rules in Indonesia.” Iblam Law Review 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v3i1.119.

Soleh, Moh., Abdul Wachid Habibullah, Habibus Shalihin, Dio Ashar Wicaksana, and Muhammad Ali Fikri. “Handling and Recovery of Religious Conflict Victims by Local Governments in Indonesia; A Study of Sunni-Shi’a Conflict in Sampang and Pasuruan.” Trunojoyo Law Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 159–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/tlr.v6i2.26254.

Solovyev, A. A. “Judicial Ethics in Judicial Communication: The Experience of the French Republic.” Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 10 (January 13, 2024): 120–26. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.110.10.120-126.

Souad Ezzerouali. “Expanding the Authority of Muhtasib to Protect Consumers: A Comparison between Moroccan Law and Islamic Qanun of Aceh.” Trunojoyo Law Review 7, no. 2 (2025): 161–91. https://doi.org/10.21107/tlr.v7i2.29151.

Sugiarto Sugiarto, Sapta Eka Yanto, Sudiyanto Sudiyanto, Panji Riyadi, Purnomo Purnomo, Royan Siagian, and Zainal Arifin Hosein. “Comparative Analysis of Business Judgment Rules in Civil Law and Common Law Systems.” Mandub : Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora 2, no. 4 (November 29, 2024): 151–64. https://doi.org/10.59059/mandub.v2i4.1753.

Sumarta, Sumarta, Burhandin Burhanudin, and Tenda Budiyanto. “Maqasid Al-Syariah Mendorong Keadilan Dan Keseimbangan Dalam Hukum Islam.” Khulasah : Islamic Studies Journal 6, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 16–31. https://doi.org/10.55656/kisj.v6i1.120.

Wahyudi, Ade Arga, Marlian Arif Nasution, and Paisal Rahmat. “The Concept of Justice in the Perspective of Greece Philosophy and Its Relevance to the Development of Modern Political Law.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 2, no. 3 (May 28, 2022): 124–32. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v2i3.94.

Watson, Mohinder. “Temporary and Child Marriages: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Issues in Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan.” In Temporary and Child Marriages in Iran and Afghanistan, 1–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4469-3_1.

Wurman, Ilan. “The Original Presidency: A Conception of Administrative Control.” Journal of Legal Analysis 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 26–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/laae002.

Zendeli, Emine. “The Principle Of Justice In Magna Carta Libertatum And Its Influence On The Law In General.” SEEU Review 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0009.

Луценко, П.А. “Comparative Analysis of Criminal Pretrial Procedures in Anglo- Saxon and Continental Legal Systems.” Penitentiary Science, no. 1(61) (March 31, 2023): 62–71. https://doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764.2023.61.1.007.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/tlr.v7i2.29310