Perancangan Reaktor Gelembung pada Produksi Sodium Karbonat

Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan

doi:10.21107/rekayasa.v19i1.26869

Perancangan Reaktor Gelembung pada Produksi Sodium Karbonat

Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan

Abstract

Karbon dioksida (CO₂) merupakan gas rumah kaca yang banyak dihasilkan di industri dan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pemanasan global. Pemanfaatan CO₂ untuk dikonversi menjadi senyawa bernilai tinggi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dari gas CO₂. Salah satu produk yang dapat dihasilkan dari gas CO₂ adalah sodium karbonat (Na₂CO₃) yang diproduksi dari reaksi antara karbon dioksida (CO₂) dan sodium hidroksida (NaOH). Sodium karbonat merupakan senyawa kimia yang banyak digunakan dalam industri sebagai bahan kimia penunjang. Sodium karbonat dapat terbentuk dari proses penyerapan gas CO₂ menggunakan larutan NaOH. Pada penelitian ini diteliti simulasi produksi natrium karbonat dengan variasi suhu reaksi dan laju alir reaktan yang dilanjutkan dengan perancangan reaktor produksi natrium karbonat bertipe reaktor gelembung. Reaktor gelembung dipilih karena merupakan reaktor sederhana tanpa adanya komponen moving parts. Pada penelitian ini variabel berubah yang digunakan adalah simulasi variasi suhu dan laju alir dimana persamaan volume reaktor yang digunakan adalah tipe reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk dengan tipe pengaduk six-blade turbine dan sparger bertipe wheel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu 20^oC dengan laju alir 20 ton/jam CO₂ dan 20 ton/jam NaOH menghasilkan Na₂CO₃terbanyak sebesar 8 ton/jam dengan volume reaktor sebesar 25,11 liter. Suhu reaktor yang tinggi akan menghasilkan ukuran reaktor yang semakin kecil. Sedangkan besarnya laju alir CO₂ yang digunakan sebagai reaktan pembatas akan menghasilkan Na₂CO₃yang terbentuk semakin meningkat. Perhitungan perancangan reaktor gelembung menghasilkan ukuran diameter dalam reaktor sebesar 26,76 cm dan tinggi reaktor sebesar 68,03 cm.

Keywords

reaktor gelembung; karbon dioksida; natrium karbonat

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