INNOVATION IN MAKING BIOPLASTIC FROM CORN STARCH: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Abstract
Indonesia is the second largest producer of plastic waste in the world after China. Plastics are generally made from synthetic organic polymers derived from petrochemicals, because of their low cost and durability humans produce plastic in significant quantities. The main ingredients of biodegradable plastics include natural polymers such as starch, pectin, and gelatin, which contribute to the formation of the plastic structural framework. Biodegradable plastics can be made from corn starch that represent a promising alternative to conventional plastics due to their renewable nature and potential for biodegradability. Corn starch is processed through extraction, which is then converted into a raw material for bioplastics. These bioplastics can decompose in industrial composting conditions within approximately 21 to 90 days, significantly reducing environmental pollution compared to non-renewable plastics that may take hundreds of years to decompose. This review focuses on corn starch as the primary material for bioplastics, highlighting the mechanical properties and biodegradability when combined with various plasticizers, fillers, and additives. These combinations aim to optimize production processes and enhance the environmental benefits of corn starch-based plastics, making them a viable component in sustainable waste management strategies. The findings from the reviewed studies indicate that corn starch-based bioplastics exhibit promising characteristics, supporting their potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. To conclude, bioplastics are an effective alternative due to their biodegradable nature, the rate of bioplastic decomposition in the environment is influenced by their chemical structure, as well as environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, and nutrient availability, all of which affect microbial activity.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jps.v12i1.28981
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