Pemanfaatan Kolam Beton Untuk Budidaya Dan Konservasi Lobster Batu (Panulirus penicillatus)
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Lobster batu (Panulirus penicillatus) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dibudidayakan secara intensif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas sistem kolam beton berfilter dan program konservasi dalam mendukung pertumbuhan serta pelestarian lobster batu. Studi dilakukan di Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan “Pesona Bahari” Grand Watu Dodol, Banyuwangi, selama 40 hari, dengan fokus pada analisis tingkat kelangsungan hidup (Survival Rate, SR), pertumbuhan berat dan panjang lobster, efisiensi pakan, serta parameter kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup lobster sebesar 90% dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) mencapai 1,13% per hari. Pemberian pakan berupa kerang hijau dan ikan rucah secara bergantian menghasilkan efisiensi pakan yang tinggi dengan nilai Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) yang rendah. Parameter kualitas air, seperti suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan salinitas, berada dalam rentang optimal untuk budidaya lobster. Program konservasi yang melibatkan pelepasliaran lobster secara selektif dan edukasi masyarakat memberikan dampak positif terhadap pelestarian sumber daya laut. Namun, diperlukan pemantauan pasca-pelepasliaran dan studi lanjutan mengenai adaptasi lobster di alam untuk meningkatkan efektivitas konservasi. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan teknologi budidaya yang inovatif dan berkelanjutan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lobster batu sekaligus mendukung pelestarian ekosistem laut. Model budidaya ini dapat direplikasi untuk mengoptimalkan potensi perikanan di wilayah pesisir lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Panulirus penicillatus, budidaya lobster, efisiensi pakan, kualitas air, konservasi berkelanjutan
ABSTRACT
The spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) is a high-value fisheries commodity with significant potential for intensive and sustainable aquaculture. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a filtered concrete pond system and conservation programs in supporting the growth and preservation of spiny lobsters. The research was conducted at Fish Farmers Group “Pesona Bahari” Grand Watu Dodol, Banyuwangi, over 40 days, focusing on survival rate (SR), weight and length growth, feed efficiency, and water quality parameters. The results showed a survival rate of 90% and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.13% per day. Feeding spiny lobsters with green mussels and trash fish alternately resulted in high feed efficiency, as indicated by a low Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, were within optimal ranges for lobster aquaculture. The conservation program, involving selective lobster releases and community education, positively impacted marine resource sustainability. However, post-release monitoring and further studies on lobster adaptation in the wild are needed to improve conservation effectiveness. This study demonstrates that applying innovative and sustainable aquaculture technologies can enhance spiny lobster productivity while supporting marine ecosystem preservation. This aquaculture model can be replicated to optimize fisheries potential in other coastal areas.
Keywords: Panulirus penicillatus, lobster aquaculture, feed efficiency, water quality, sustainable conservation
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i4.29042
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Published by: Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura