KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN POLA SEBARAN JENIS MANGROVE DI SPTN WILAYAH I BEKOL, TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mangroves in Baluran National Park are one of the natural mangroves on Java Island. Habitat conditions strongly influence mangrove preservation, so any changes can affect species composition. Along with global climate change, it can directly or indirectly impact on mangroves and their habitat. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of species and distribution patterns of mangroves. The research was conducted in mangroves located in SPTNW 1 Bekol Baluran National Park with an area of ± 288.7 ha with a sampling intensity of 0.5% to obtain 145 measuring plots. Data collections of mangrove vegetation use a combination of pathway and sampling plot methods which are placed systematically. Diversity analysis uses the Simpson index and distribution patterns with the dispersion index/variance-mean ratio. The measurements obtained 22 types of mangroves with 13 species at the seedling level, 19 species at the weaning level, and 21 species at the tree level. The highest density was at the seedling level (8,347.32 individuals/ha). The diversity of mangrove species at the seedling level is moderate, while weaning and trees are in the high category. The majority of mangrove species found have a clustered distribution pattern, with the dominant species being Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata.
Keywords: Mangrove, distribution pattern, diversity, species composition, national park
ABSTRAK
Taman Nasional Baluran memiliki salah satu mangrove alami yang tersisa di Pulau Jawa. Kelestarian mangrove sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi habitatnya, sehingga adanya perubahan dapat memengaruhi komposisi jenisnya. Seiring dengan terjadinya perubahan iklim global, maka berpotensi memengaruhi secara langsung atau tidak terhadap mangrove dan habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan pola sebarannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada mangrove yang berada di SPTNW 1 Bekol, Taman Nasional Baluran dengan luas ± 288,7 ha dengan intensitas sampling yang digunakan 0,5% sehingga diperoleh 145 petak ukur. Pengambilan data vegetasi mangrove menggunakan kombinasi antara metode jalur dan petak contoh serta diletakkan secara sistematis. Analisis keanekaragaman menggunakan Indeks Simpson dan Pola sebaran dengan Indeks Dispersi/ Rasio Varians-Mean. Hasil pengukuran, jenis mangrove di SPTNW I Bekol ada 22 jenis dengan rincian 13 jenis di tingkat semai, 19 jenis di sapihan, dan 21 jenis pada tingkat pohon. Kerapatan tertinggi pada tingkat semai (8,347.32 individu/ha). Keanekaragaman jenis mangrove pada tingkat semai termasuk sedang, sedangkan sapihan dan pohon berada pada kategori tinggi. Mayoritas jenis mangrove yang ditemukan memiliki pola sebaran mengelompok, dengan jenis dominan berupa Ceriops tagal dan Rhizophora apiculata.
Kata kunci: Mangrove, pola sebaran, keanekaragaman, komposisi jenis, taman nasional
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v14i3.9293
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura