PEMBERIAN TOTAL FENOL TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LEUKOSIT DAN DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas Hydrophila
Abstract
Freshwater fishery commodities are most likely to be increased production of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Intensification of cultivation which raises new problems with fish disease outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Providing of immunostimulatory bioactive compounds of sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra) can enhance non-specific immune responses in the goldfish as a mechanism of defense against disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the role and optimal dose of total phenols sea cucumber in enhancing non-specific immune response seen from the hematology parameters Extraction of bioactive components from sea cucumber prepared by using methanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate solvent (v/v). Identification of total phenols in ethyl acetate fraction performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and infrared. Total phenol produced was tested on carp with intraperitonial injection, the concentration of 0.09, 0.18 and 0.27 mg phenol/kg fish. Challenge test was done by using the Aeromonas hydrophila (107 cells/ml) through the immersion method. The observations included hematological parameters and total plasma proteins.The observations of hematological parameters that Leukocytes, Neutrophils pre-and post-infection were significantly increased. Lymphocyte pre infection was increased significantly and post-bacterial infection was decreased significantly. Eosinophils, Monocytes pre-and post-bacterial infection were not differ significantly between treatment. The use of phenolic compounds at 0.09 mg / kg can be increase of non-specific immune response in carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Key Words : Total phenol, Aeromonas hydrophila, Cyprinus carpio, nonspecific immune response
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Abbas, A.K., A.H. Licthman dan S. Pillai. 2010. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. six Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia.
Alexander, C. P., C.J.W. Kirubakaran, R.D. Michael, 2010. Water Soluble fraction of Tinospora cordifolia leaves enhanced the non spesific immune mechanism and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish & shellfish immunology xxx. P. 1-8
Althunibat, O.Y., Hashim R.B., Taher M., Daud, J.M., Ikeda, M.A., Zali, B.I., 2009. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Three Malaysian Sea Cucumber Species. European Journal of Scientific Research. ISSN 1450-216X Vol.37 No.3, P:376-387.
Ardelli BF, Woo PTK. 2006. Immunocompetent Cells and Their Mediators in Fin Fish. Di dalam: Woo PTK, Bruno DW, editor. Fish Disease and Disorders. Vol 3. Ed ke-2. UK: CABI Publishing. P: 702-724.
Bijanti, R., 2005. Hematologi Ikan Teknik Pengambilan Darah dan Pemeriksaan Hematologi Ikan. Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar Veteriner. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
Ellis, A.E., 1998. Fish Vaccination. Academia Press. London. 155 pp.
Farouk, A.E., Ghouse, F.A.H., Ridzwan, B.H., 2007. New Bacterial Species Isolated from Malaysian Sea Cucumbers with Optimized Secreted Antibacterial Activity. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3 (2): P: 60-65.
Haug, T., A.K. Kjuul, OB. Styrvold, E. Sandsdalen, OM Olsen, and K. Stensvag, 2002. Antibacterial activity in Strongilocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea), Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuridea) and Asterias rubens (Asteroidea). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. P: 94 -102
Harikrishnan, R., M. N. Rani, and C. Balasundaram, 2003. Haematological and biochemical parameters incommon carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. Aquaculture, 221. P : 41- 50.
Harikrishnan, R., C. Balasundaram, M. C. Kim, J. S. Kim, Y. J. Han, M.S. Heo, 2009. Innate Immune Response and Disease Resistance In Carassius auratus By Triherbal Solvent Extract. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 27. P: 508-515.
Harikrishnan, R., C. Balasundaram, M.S. Heo, 2010. Herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 28. P: 354-361.
Himaya, SWA, B.M Ryu, Z.J Qian, S. K. Kim, 2010. Sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus ethyl acetate fraction modulates the lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 via MAPK signaling pathway in murine macrophages. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, P: 68 – 75.
Irianto, A., 2005. Patologi ikan Teleostei. Penerbit Gajah Mada University press. Yogyakarta.
Jingfeng, W., Yuming W., Qingjuan T., Yi W., Yaoguang C., Qin Z., and Changhu X., 2010. Antioxidant activities of low molecular weight gelatin hydrolysate isolated from Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. J. Ocean Univ. China, P: 94 – 98.
Kamiso, H.N., 2003. Status Penyakit Ikan dan Pengendaliannya di Indonesia. Disampaikan pada Seminar Nasional Penyakit Ikan dan Udang IV yang dilaksanakan di Purwokerto pada tanggal 18-19 Mei 2003.
Khairuman, Sudenda, D., dan Gunadi, B. 2008. Budi daya ikan mas secara intensif. Agromedia Pustaka.
Kono, Tomoya, Aranya Ponpornpisit, Masahiro Sakai. 2003. The analysis of expressed genes in head kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Stimulated with peptidoglycan. Aquaculture Vol. 25. P: 37-52.
Maftuch, 2007. Paparan Vibrio Alginolyticus Terhadap Histopatologi Usus Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) dan Peningkatan Jumlah Serta Aktivitas Sel Makrofag. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Vol. 10 no.1. Faperik Unibraw. Hal. 66-70.
Mamelona, J., P. Emilien, G.L. Karl, L. Jean, K. Salwa, K. Selim, 2007. Quantification of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of. Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, Food Chem., 104, 1040.
Maqsood, S., M.H. Samoon, P. Singh, 2009. Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Effect of Dietary Levamisole in Cyprinus carpio Fingerlings Against the Challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 9: 111-120.
Rairakhwada., Dina, A.K. Pal, Z.P. Bhathena, N.P. Sahu, A. Jha, S.C. Mukherjee, 2007. Dietary microbial levan enhances cellular non-specific immunity and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. Fish &
Shellfish Immunology 22 : 477-486.
Sakai, M., 1999. Current Research Status of Fis Immunostimulants Aquaculture 172 ; 63-92.
Sahoo, P.K., J. Kumari and B. K. Mishra. 2005. Non-specific immune responses in juveniles of Indian major carps. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 21 p.151–155.
Selvaraj, V., K. Sampath, V. Sekar, 2009. Administration of lipopolysaccharide increases specific and non-specific immune parameters and survival in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture 286. p : 176–183.
Selvaraj, V., K. Sampath, V. Sekar, 2006. Adjuvant and immunostimulatory effects of b-glucan administration in combination with lipopolysaccharide enhances survival and some immune parameters in carp challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 114. p : 15–24.
Selvaraj, V., K. Sampath, V. Sekar, 2005. Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some specific and non-specific immune parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & shellfish immunology 19. p : 293 - 306
Shao, Z.J., liu, J and L.X. Xiang. 2004. Aeromonas hydrophila Induces Apoptosis In Carassius Auratus Lymphocytes In Vitro. J. Aquaculture, 229. P. 11-23.
Siwicki, A.K., Anderson, D.P. and Rumsey, G.L. 1994. Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protectio against furunculosis. Veterinary lmmunology and lmmunopathology, 41 : 125-139. P125,
-133.
Stoskopf, M.K. 1993. Fish Medicine. WB Saunders Company Harcourt Brace Jovanivich Inc. North Carolina. 882 p
Svobodova, Z. and Vykusova, 1991. Diagnostic, Prevention and Therapy of Fish Disease and Intoxycation. Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology.Vodnany,Czechoslovakia . (online) . http://www.fao.org.
Swann LaDon dan White M. Randy, 1989. Diagnosis and Treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection of Fish. P. 461- 462.
Tian, F., Zhu C., Zhang X-w., Xie X., Xin X-l., 2007. Philiopside E, a New Sulphated Saponin from Sea Cucumber, Blocks the Interaction between Kinase Insert Domain_Containing Receptor (KDR) and αvβ Integrin Via Binding to the Extracellular Domain of KDR (Abstrac). Molecular Pharmacology 72:545-552
Tizard, I.R., 1982. An Introduction of Veterinary Immunology. W. B. Saunders Company. p.254-257.
Yin, G., Ardo L., Thompson, K. D., Adams A., Jeney Z., Jeney G., 2010. Chinese herbs (Astragalus radix and Ganoderma lucidum) enhance immune response of carps, Cyprinus carpio and protection againts Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. p: 140 - 145
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v4i2.879
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Jurnal Kelautan by Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura