Karakterisasi Senyawa Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kasar Caulerpa sp dan Gracilaria sp dari Perairan Bangkalan Madura
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Rumput laut pada umumnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan dan juga sebagai antioksidan alami. Rumput laut yang berpotensi sebagai bahan aktioksidan alami dari perairan Bangkalan yaitu Caulerpa sp. dan Gracilaria sp. dikarenakan kandungan senyawa bioaktif di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi fisik dan kimia, kandungan senyawa bioaktif serta aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak kasar Caulerpa sp. dan Gracilaria sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Laut, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura dengan beberapa tahap yaitu: preparasi sampel, analisa proksimat, analisa fitokimia dan analisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan DPPH. Hasil identifikasi morfologi Caulerpa sp memiliki warna hijau tua dan ramuli kecil seperti anggur. Gracilaria sp. memiliki warna merah kecoklatan dengan percabangan yang tidak teratur seperti akar serabut. Kadar proksimat Caulerpa sp dan Gracilaria sp. menunjukkan tingginya kadar air, abu, dan serat kasar, dibandingkan protein dan lemaknya. Ekstrak kasar rumput laut Caulerpa sp mengandung senyawa bioaktif berupa flavonoid, fenolik, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tannin. Ekstrak kasar rumput laut Gracilaria sp. senyawa bioaktif yaitu alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, dan terpenoid. Aktivitas antioksidan terbaik terdapat pada ekstrak kasar rumput laut Caulerpa sp. pelarut n-heksan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 116,41 ppm lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar rumput laut Gracilaria sp. Rumput laut dari perairan Bangkalan berpotensi dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan bahan pangan alami dan antioksidan alami di masa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: Caulerpa sp, Gracilaria sp, senyawa bioaktif, dan aktivitas antioksidan.
ABSTRACT
Seaweed in general can be used as a food source and also as a natural antioxidant. Seaweed that has the potential as a natural antioxidant from Bangkalan waters is Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp. due to the content of bioactive compounds in it. This research aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics, content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp. The research was carried out at the Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Trunojoyo University, Madura in several stages, namely: sample preparation, proximate analysis, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity analysis with DPPH. The results of the morphological identification of Caulerpa sp have a dark green color and small ramuli like grapes. Gracilaria sp. has a brownish red color with irregular branching like fibrous roots. Proximate levels of Caulerpa sp and Gracilaria sp. shows high levels of water, ash and crude fiber, compared to protein and fat. Caulerpa sp seaweed crude extract contains bioactive compounds in the form of flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. Crude extract of seaweed Gracilaria sp. Bioactive compounds are alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and terpenoids. The best antioxidant activity is found in the crude extract of seaweed Caulerpa sp. with n-hexane solvent was an IC50 value of 116.41 ppm is stronger than the crude extract of seaweed Gracilaria sp. Seaweed from Bangkalan seawaters has the potential to be developed as a natural food ingredient and natural antioxidant in the future.
Keywords: Caulerpa sp, Gracilaria sp, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.32623
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura