Distribusi Dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Di Perairan Muara Belawan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik, mengidentifikasi tipe dan warna mikroplastik pada perairan Belawan, provinsi Sumatera Utara. Pengambilan sampel air permukaan kedalaman ±20 cm (500 mL/ulangan) dilakukan secara sederhana di tiga stasiun pengamatan, disaring menggunakan plankton net. Prosedur analisis di laboratorium meliputi: 1) penyaringan bertingkat menggunakan saringan berukuran 5 mm dan 300 µm, 2) destruksi bahan organik menggunakan H₂O₂ 30%, 3) pemisahan densitas menggunakan larutan NaCl 30%, 4) penyaringan akhir sampel air menggunakan whatman no. 42, dan 5) identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop binokuler dengan perbesaran 10×. Kelimpahan mikroplastik konsentrasi tertinggi ditemukan di stasiun 1 titik koordinat 3°47'26,268″N 98°40'45"E dengan rata-rata kelimpahan 110 ± 16,37 partikel/L, kemudian stasiun 2 titik koordinat 3°47'29,484″N 98°40′57,486"E dengan rata-rata kelimpahan 90,67 ± 14,74 partikel/L, dan rata-rata kelimpahan terendah 55,33 ± 17 partikel/L di stasiun 3 titik koordinat 3°47'16,686″N 98°40'56,682"E. Untuk variasi tipe yang ditemukan, fiber merupakan tipe dominan (33-50%), disusul tipe fragmen (28-48%), film (12-16%) , foam (3-7%) , dan tipe paling sedikit pellet (3-5%). Untuk sebaran warna yang ditemukan paling banyak adalah transparan (15-33%), disusul warna biru (15-28%), merah (13-19%), hitam (9-16%), putih (7-9%), abu-abu (0-6%), hijau (4-7%), orange (0-4%), kuning (2-4%), cokelat (1-6%), dan warna yang paling sedikit ungu (0-1%). Menunjukkan bahwa pencemaran wilayah ini bersumber masukan limbah dari Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Kota Medan yang terperangkap di muara, pelepasan limbah domestik dan rumah tangga, serta aktivitas maritim langsung ke perairan. Tingginya kontaminasi mikroplastik ini memerlukan intervensi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah yang terpadu dan berkelanjutan dari pemerintah daerah.
Kata Kunci: Air, Kelimpahan Mikoroplastik, Perairan Belawan, Tipe Mikroplastik, Warna Mikroplastik
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyse the abundance of microplastics and identify the types and colours of microplastics in the waters of Belawan, North Sumatra province. Surface water samples at a depth of ±20 cm (500 mL/repetition) were collected simply at three observation stations and filtered using a plankton net. The laboratory analysis procedure included: 1) multi-stage filtration using 5 mm and 300 µm sieves, 2) destruction of organic material using 30% H₂O₂, 3) density separation using 30% NaCl solution, 4) final filtration of water samples using Whatman No. 42, and 5) identification using a binocular microscope with 10× magnification. The highest concentration of microplastics was found at station 1 at coordinates 3°47'26.268″N 98°40'45"E with an average abundance of 110 ± 16.37 particles/L, followed by station 2 at coordinates 3°47'29.484″N 98 °40′57.486″E with an average abundance of 90.67 ± 14.74 particles/L, and the lowest average abundance of 55.33 ± 17 particles/L at station 3 at coordinates 3°47'16.686″N 98°40'56.682″E. Regarding the types found, fibre was the dominant type (33-50%), followed by fragments (28-48%), film (12-16%), foam (3-7%), and the least common type, pellets (3-5%). The most common colour distribution was transparent (15-33%), followed by blue (15-28%), red (13-19%), black (9-16%), white (7-9%), grey (0-6%), green (4-7%), orange (0-4%), yellow (2-4%), brown (1-6%), and the least common colour purple (0-1%). This indicates that pollution in this area originates from waste input from the Medan City Watershed (DAS) trapped at the estuary, domestic and household waste discharge, and maritime activities directly into the water. The high level of microplastic contamination requires integrated and sustainable waste management policy interventions from the local government.
Keywords: Water, Microplastic Abundance, Belawan Estuary, Microplastic Types, Microplastic Colors
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.32325
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura