Karakteristik Gelombang Panas Laut Di Perairan Selatan Jawa Barat
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Perairan Selatan Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah dengan dinamika oseanografi yang kompleks, dipengaruhi oleh faktor regional maupun global. Kompleksitas ini membuat area tersebut sangat rentan terhadap peningkatan suhu permukaan laut akibat perubahan iklim, yang dapat memicu Gelombang Panas Laut (GPL) dan berpotensi mengganggu ekosistem laut. Studi ini menganalisis GPL di wilayah tersebut selama periode 1995-2024 menggunakan data suhu permukaan laut hasil penginderaan satelit. Parameter utama GPL (frekuensi, durasi, dan intensitas maksimum) dievaluasi secara spasial dan temporal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa wilayah pesisir mengalami frekuensi dan intensitas GPL yang lebih tinggi, menandakan kerentanan perairan dangkal terhadap kejadian suhu ekstrem. GPL paling ekstrem terjadi pada tahun 1998, 2010, dan 2016, dengan tahun 2016 menunjukkan durasi terpanjang (35 hari) dan frekuensi tertinggi (7,28 kejadian). Intensitas maksimum tercatat pada tahun 1998 sebesar 1,89 °C, diikuti oleh tahun 2016 dan 2010. Pola temporal sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabilitas antar-tahunan, kemungkinan didorong oleh mode iklim seperti ENSO, sementara tren jangka panjang yang signifikan tidak terdeteksi. Studi ini berfokus pada parameter utama GPL dan tidak membahas faktor fisik potensial seperti fluks panas udara-laut, sirkulasi arus laut, atau gaya angin lokal. Temuan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi upaya konservasi ekosistem pesisir sekaligus mendukung perumusan kebijakan perikanan tangkap yang adaptif terhadap variabilitas iklim di selatan Jawa Barat.
Kata Kunci: Gelombang Panas Laut, Satelit, Suhu Permukaan Laut
ABSTRACT
The Western Southern Java Waters are a region with complex oceanographic dynamics influenced by both regional and global factors. This complexity makes the area highly susceptible to increasing sea surface temperatures due to climate change, which can trigger Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) and potentially disrupt marine ecosystems. This study analyzed MHWs in the region over the period 1995-2024 using satellite-derived sea surface temperature data. The primary metrics of MHWs (frequency, duration, and maximum intensity) were evaluated both spatially and temporally. Results show that coastal areas experienced higher MHW frequency and intensity, indicating greater vulnerability of shallow waters to extreme temperature events. The most extreme MHWs occurred in 1998, 2010, and 2016, with 2016 exhibiting the longest duration (35 days) and highest frequency (7.28 events). Maximum intensity peaked in 1998 at 1.89 °C, followed closely by 2016 and 2010. Temporal patterns were strongly influenced by interannual variability, likely driven by climate modes such as ENSO, whereas no significant long-term trends were detected. This study focused on primary MHW metrics and did not explore potential physical drivers such as air-sea heat flux, ocean current circulation, or local wind forcing. These findings provide a scientific basis for coastal ecosystem conservation efforts and support the formulation of climate-adaptive fisheries management policies in southern West Java.
Keywords: Marine Heatwaves, Satellite, Sea Surface Temperature
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v18i3.31731
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Jurnal Kelautan by Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura