Respon Suhu Permukaan Laut Dan Klorofil-A Saat Triple-Dip La Niña (2020–2023) Di Sulawesi Tenggara-Laut Banda
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Fenomena triple-dip La Niña yang terjadi selama tiga tahun berturut-turut (2020–2023) merupakan peristiwa iklim global yang jarang terjadi dan berdampak signifikan terhadap dinamika oseanografi regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan Sulawesi Tenggara hingga Laut Banda selama periode tersebut. Data SPL harian dan klorofil-a bulanan diperoleh dari Marine Copernicus dan dianalisis secara spasial-temporal menggunakan pendekatan statistik dan visualisasi musiman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama La Niña berkepanjangan, SPL mengalami penurunan konsisten dan diikuti oleh fluktuasi klorofil-a yang menunjukkan peningkatan pada musim dan lokasi tertentu, terutama di wilayah pesisir dan perairan dangkal. Sementara itu, indeks ONI secara konsisten menunjukkan nilai negatif selama tiga tahun, mengonfirmasi keberadaan La Niña multiyear yang memperkuat sirkulasi atmosfer timur dan mendorong proses upwelling di wilayah studi. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemantauan berkelanjutan terhadap parameter oseanografis dan indikator iklim global dalam memahami dampak jangka panjang ENSO terhadap ekosistem laut tropis Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: ENSO, klorofil-a, La Niña, ONI, suhu permukaan laut.
ABSTRACT
The triple-dip La Niña phenomenon that persisted for three consecutive years (2020–2023) is a rare global climate event with significant impacts on regional oceanographic dynamics. This study aims to analyze the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration in the waters of Southeast Sulawesi to the Banda Sea during this period. Daily SST data and monthly chlorophyll-a data from Marine Copernicus were analyzed spatio-temporally using statistical approaches and seasonal visualization. The results reveal a consistent decrease in SST, accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll-a during specific seasons and locations, particularly in coastal and shallow waters. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) remained negative over the three years, confirming a multiyear La Niña that strengthened easterly atmospheric circulation and enhanced upwelling in the study area. These findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of oceanographic parameters and global climate indicators to better understand and anticipate the impacts of ENSO on tropical marine ecosystems in Indonesia.
Keywords: ENSO, chlorophyll-a, La Niña, ONI, sea surface temperature.
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Published by: Department of Marine Sciences, Trunojoyo University of Madura