Perbandingan Larutan NaCl dan K2CO3 Sebagai Media Pemisahan Densitas Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen Pantai Kondang Merak dan Pantai Goa Cina
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Salah satu tahapan dalam analisis mikroplastik adalah proses pemisahan partikel mikroplastik dari sampel untuk memudahkan proses identifikasi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan larutan NaCl dan K2CO3 yang memiliki densitas berbeda, yaitu masing-masing 1,18 g/cm3 dan 1,43 g/cm3. Larutan NaCl dan K2CO3 memiliki densitas yang lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata mikroplastik yang ditemukan (0.9-1.4 g/cm3), oleh karena itu kedua larutan ini dipilih dalam proses pemisahan densitas. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel sedimen Pantai Goa Cina dan Pantai Kondang Merak. Kedua pantai ini dipilih sebagai lokasi pengambilan sampel karena reputasinya sebagai pantai wisata dan berpotensi terhadap pencemaran mikroplastik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efektivitas penggunaan larutan NaCl dan K2CO3 dalam proses pemisahan densitas mikroplastik serta menganalisis hasil persentase jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan. Secara keseluruhan terdapat 11 sampel yang terdiri dari lima sampel sedimen dari pantai Goa Cina dan enam sampel sedimen dari Pantai Kondang Merak. Sampel kemudian dikeringkan dan direndam pada masing-masing larutan NaCl dan K2CO3. Supernatant yang terbentuk dalam proses ekstraksi kemudian disaring menggunakan vacuum pump dan kertas whatman untuk diamati partikel mikroplastiknya menggunakan mikroskop. Kedua pantai menunjukkan hasil yang serupa, yaitu didominasi oleh mikroplastik berbentuk fiber. Hasil ekstraksi dengan menggunakan K2CO3 menunjukkan lebih banyak fragmen yang ditemukan dibandingkan dengan hasil ekstraksi dengan menggunakan NaCl. Mikroplastik dalam bentuk pellet hanya ditemukan pada ekstraksi menggunakan larutan K2CO3 pada sampel sedimen Pantai Kondang Merak. K2CO3 lebih mahal daripada NaCl, namun hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik yang terekstraksi dengan K2CO3 lebih banyak dibandingkan yang terekstraksi dengan NaCl.
Kata Kunci: Densitas, Fiber, Fragmen, Pencemaran, Wisata
ABSTRACT
One of the stages in microplastic analysis is the process of separating microplastic particles from the sample to facilitate the identification process. This study used NaCl and K2CO3 solutions used with the density of 1.18 g/cm3 and 1.43 g/cm3 respectively. NaCl and K2CO3 solutions have higher densities than the average microplastics (0.9-1.4 g/cm3) therefore these two solutions were used in the density separation process. The samples used were sediments from Goa Cina Beach and Kondang Merak Beach. Both beaches were chosen as sampling locations because of the reputation of their beauty which make it popular tourist destination. This study will serve as a reference to investigate the abundance of microplastics in the tourist beach of Malang. The purpose of this study is to compare the use of NaCl and K2CO3 solutions in the density separation process, starting from the cost required, materials needed, and the extraction results. Five samples were taken from Goa Cina beach and six samples from Kondang Merak Beach. The sediment samples taken then dried and immersed in the extraction solution, the supernatant formed in the extraction process was then filtered using a vacuum pump and wattman paper to be observed using a microscope. Both beaches showed similar results with fiber-shaped microplastics being the most common. The results of extraction using K2CO3 showed that more fragments were found than the results of extraction using NaCl. Microplastics in the form of pellets were only found in the extraction using K2CO3 solution in Kondang Merak Beach sediment samples. The price of K2CO3 is more expensive than NaCl, but the extraction results showed that microplastics extracted with K2CO3 are more abundant than those extracted with NaCl.
Keywords: Density, Fiber, Fragment, Pollution, Tourism
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v17i1.21898
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