AN ANALYSIS OF INDEPENDENT CHARACTER OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LEARNING FROM HOME DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (A Case Study at SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya)

This research aims to determine the process of the development of the independent character of elementary school students in learning from home during the Covid-19 pandemic at SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya in grades 4, 5, and 6 by referring to the achievement of indicators of independent character values and the obstacles that arise in their achievement. By using a qualitative approach, the discussion will be presented in a descriptive explanation. The research subjects are 99 upper-class student respondents (4, 5, and 6) at SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya. The research is carried out only by taking data on March, April, and May 2020 as the research scope. In this research, data are collected giving online questionnaire observation techniques to students, accompanied by parents, and having direct interviews with class teachers and subject teachers. The discussion in this research shows that the level of development of the independent character of students has been built with an average of being in the category of culture and development even though there are still obstacles because they require assistance, either directly or indirectly from parents and teachers.


Introduction
The cultivation of character education can be integrated into the learning process both classically and individually. Both outside the classroom and in the classroom, both offline and online (online). Judging from the current conditions and referring to the Minister of Education and Culture circular number 4 of 2020 point 2, regarding the implementation of educational policies in the emergency period of the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) the learning process from home is carried out with the following conditions: "Learning from home (BDR) ) through online or distance learning, it is carried out by providing meaningful learning experiences for students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya in grades 4, 5, and 6, without being burdened by the target of completing all curriculum achievements in grade promotion and graduation; learning from home focuses on life skills education, including about the Covid-19 pandemic; learning activities and assignments from home among students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4, 5 and 6 can vary, according to their respective interests and conditions, and also consider gaps in access/learning facilities at home; The educators give qualitative and useful feedback on portfolios or products of home learning activities, without having to score/score quantitatively. Independence will be an important milestone for solutions to achieve the goals of education in the current pandemic situation, children will be able to gain a more realistic learning experience from the environment to be applied in life skills.
Independence has the basic self-word beginning with "to-" and ending in "-an", forming a word that means "state" or the word "thing". The basic word "self" makes the word independence inseparable from the translation of the word "self" itself, which in the concept of Carl Rogers mentions in his concept the term self because the self is the essence of independence (Ali & Asrori, 2008: 109). "Independence" is the original word for independence according to a psychological dictionary and is defined as "a condition where people do not hang themselves from others when making decisions and accompanied by an attitude of self-confidence (Chaplin, 2011: 343).
Bruner in (Dahar, 2006: 77) in learning raises 3 principles that may develop in elementary schools, namely: To encourage students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya in grades 4, 5, and 6 to learn, learning has a connection with experiences with environmental contexts. So that students can learn from things that Widyagogik, Vol. 8. No. 1 Agustus-Desember 2020 57 are easy to more difficult things, learning must be structured. And so that students in this case students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4,5 and 6 can explore on their own in the construction of their knowledge (independently) then learning must be arranged in such away.
In the description of the theory and application above, the author intends to present a qualitative analysis regarding the independent character of elementary school children during the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. The focus of the research is information related to the independent character that appears in students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4,5 and 6.
The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. To determine the development of independent character values in students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4,5 and 6 SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya who appeared during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2. To find out the problems of developing the independent character of students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya, grades 4.5 and 6 SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya which was not achieved during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Silalahi (2015) states that character education in the family is related to student interest, in this case, it shows that the better character education in the family the higher the child's interest in learning in the following lessons. At this point, this study intends to add information that the independent character values of students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya who appear in the Covid-19 pandemic will be connected to the family character. Meanwhile, according to Husna (2017) states that independent character education can be seen from the aspects of self-development, integration in subjects, and school culture. The aspect of self-development is seen from routine activities, spontaneous activities, modeling, and conditioning.

Method
In this study, a qualitative research approach was used with data in the form of words. Bogdan and Taylor (Moleong, 2012: 4) describe that qualitative research will produce descriptive data in the form of words that are written or spoken orally from people and subjects (actors) and can be observed. Meanwhile, according to M. Djunaidi Ghony and Fauzan Almanshur (2012: 25) explain that research whose findings are not The researcher intends to find out the values of independent character in students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4.5 and 6 who appeared in the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out in natural conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic (natural setting), the primary data source was in the form of a questionnaire. Data collection techniques were carried out by indirect observation through online questionnaires, interviews with homeroom teachers and subjects, and documentation of student learning outcomes in the form of portfolios, responses, and feedback from students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4, 5, and 6. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data display, and data verification. As a form of data validity reinforcement, in filling out the questionnaire students selected were grade 4, 5, and 6 students who in terms of their level of understanding in filling out the questionnaire were able and strengthened by parental assistance, documents, and portfolios of children's assignments and also the results of interviews with teachers and teacher.

Result and Discussion
The discussion of this study shows the independent character obtained through a questionnaire where students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya, grades 4, 5, and 6, show the behavior of not depending on others, using their thoughts, energy, and personal time in realizing dreams, hopes. , and ideals. The values observed are The value of hard work where students, in this case, students of SD The results of interviews with teachers regarding the responses and reciprocity of students learning from home in the Covid-19 pandemic showed that the average grades 4, 5, and 6 were a direct response of 90%, and a delayed response of 10%. For the percentage of assignment, the collection is 80% direct task response and 20% delayed task response. Whereas in the form of providing material, assignments, and student assessment results in the Covid-19 pandemic by teachers, the cognitive aspects were 40%, the affective aspects were 40% and the psychomotor aspects were 20%.
The relationship with the analysis of the independent character of students, teachers in grades 4, 5, and 6 of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya represent the achievement of the greatest independent character values from each aspect according to the indicators as follows: The value of hard work is the largest percentage of students can complete the task from teachers without help from other people as well as assisting other siblings (cultural category / M) with a value of 47.5%. The highest percentage value of curiosity was that students were willing and able to take their initiative in terms of asking questions or seeking information from various sources related to the subject matter (developing category / B) with a value of 47.50%. The largest percentage value of responsibility is that students still need to be reminded by others to learn even though only occasionally (developing category / B) with a value of 46.50%. The largest percentage of the value of responsibility is that students have paid attention to all the lessons/work given by the teacher (starting to develop / MBK) with a value of 48.50%.
The largest percentage of non-dependence scores is that students are willing to do individual and group assignments at home even though individual assignments still need assistance/guidance (starting to develop / MBK) with a value of 48.5%.
The growth of the independent character of grades 4, 5, and 6 SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya students has been well developed. This is influenced by the inculcation of both family and school character through self-development programs, integration in subjects, and school culture seen from routine activities, spontaneous activities, modeling, and conditioning during school.
The documentation of learning from home obtained by the teacher is photos of activities, photos of structured assignments, learning videos, voice notes, chat lists, and others. As consideration for the validity of the data obtained, where the quality of the independent character of students learning from the home of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya during the Covid-19 pandemic shows that the achievement of the above indicators is the condition of students who have bad habits that have been implanted from an early age both at school and at home before the pandemic COVID-19, as well as family environmental conditions that require children to have an independent character because most of the students' parents are workers. The questionnaire distributed refers to the rubric of independent character assessment of the education assessment center of the Ministry of Education and Culture's research and development agency.

Conclusion
From the results of the data above, it can be seen that the values of independent character in students, in this case, students of SD Muhammadiyah 8 Surabaya grades 4,5 and 6 in learning from home during the Covid-19 pandemic, have developed even though occasionally assistance is needed. The independent character of students grows because it is influenced by the character of the family and the selfdevelopment that has been carried out by the school through integration with all aspects of the school.
As the author's suggestion is the need for improvement in student self-confidence by continuing to provide the motivation that is integrated with all learning programs atmosphere that provides opportunities for students to learn independently. Providing opportunities and trust by all parties to students when working on assignments and not only giving assessments on the results, but it is also necessary that an assessment in the process will build students' confidence in carrying out assignments.