SMALL GROUP DISCUSION (SGD) LEARNING MODEL ON UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF THE NATURE OF LIGHT IN SD NEGERI 1 PUGUH

The purpose of this study was to improve the ability of students of SD Negeri 1 Pug uh in understanding the concept of class IV. This type of research is quantitative research using experimental research methods. The research subjects consisted of 48 fourth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Pug u h. data collection techniques through tests, observations and interviews. The results show that we will use the small group discussion method based on internships:1. The value of tcount > ttable is 3.898 > 2009 and Sig. There is a difference in the average ability of students to understand concepts, it can be seen from the case where the score (both) is 0.001. If 0.05, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. 2. The small group discussion model can improve students' understanding of concepts represented by Fcount5040 with a significance of 0.035 & Value for 0.05 and R2 = 0.182 = 18.2%. The conclusion of this study is a small group discussion model based on internships. There are differences between the use of the lab model and other models, which may affect your understanding of the concept of the nature of light.


Introduction
explains that science is a field of natural knowledge in the form of natural phenomena that occur in our daily lives. In addition, science is associated with how to find information about nature. In the form of a championship. The person or process of discovery and its principles. Because the discovery of science is evidenced by hands-on activities/internships, the material consists of several sections that provide systematic information about nature.
Observations made by researchers at SD Negeri 1 Puguh in Pegandon District, Kendal Regency when starting learning activities at the beginning of faceto-face learning resulted in slow student responses and less active learning activities.
In addition to the lack of learning activities, the learning resources used in Class IV SD Negeri 1 Puguh, Pegandon District, Kendal Regency are limited, namely 48 students who are divided into two groups, namely Class IVA and Class IVB. The learning resource book used is a student thematic book. From the large number of students, the school only has 23 Theme 5 Theme books. Class IVA has 11 Theme 5 theme books, 12 Theme 5 Theme books and Class IVB Theme Books to support learning. This means that students do not take the initiative to seek knowledge in library books and other sources. From the beginning, Linuwih from Ela Suryani (2018) found that the factors that led to the emergence of the concept of understanding were everyday intuition, the learning process, reading textbooks, knowledge as a separate part, and knowledge as a theoretical structure.
Efforts that can be made by teachers to overcome these problems are to apply learning models related to the learning process to improve students' understanding of concepts. Mari & Gumel (2015) argue that there are many things that teachers need to pay attention to to overcome students' conceptual understanding problems.
One of them is the applied learning model. Teachers can modify and modify the learning model used to help students understand the concept. The learning model in question is a collaborative learning model. Sanjaya (2016) states that the cooperative learning model is a series of learning activities carried out by students in certain groups to achieve the learning objectives that have been formulated. Learning in groups will make it easier for students to understand difficult concepts and can improve students' thinking skills . This statement refers to the application of the discussion model. One model of collaboration in the form of discussion is small group discussion. By using the small group discussion learning model which is commonly called small group discussion, students can broaden their horizons in studying the material. Ernawati (2014) explains that the small group discussion learning model has several advantages. The advantages of the small group discussion model are that it trains student communication, fosters a close atmosphere with friends, pays attention to the opinions of others, collects opinions in a short time, stimulates thoughts, and is able to encourage.
Participate in member discussions Post discussions.
In addition, Kusumaningsih Berliana & Suryani Ela (2021) found that learning through group discussions also helps students express opinions and communicate well.
Intan Mahararni (2016) explains the benefits of internships by studying this Practice method . It has the following benefits: Satisfying ability, learning how to make discoveries only through the discovery process itself, extending the memory process or remembering longer, making lessons more child-friendly.

Method
The approach used in this study is quantitative, because this study aims to explain the impact of the practice-based small group discussion (SGD) model on students' understanding. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The experimental method can be interpreted as a research method used to determine the effect of a particular treatment on other treatments under controlled conditions. In this experimental research there is treatment.
The type of experimental method used by the author in this study is a true experimental design in the form of a control group design before and after the test, because the samples used for the experimental and control classes were chosen randomly. In this design, each experimental class and control class were tested beforehand to find out the difference. If there is no significant difference in the results of the experimental group, then the results of the pretest are good. The sampling method in this study is probabilistic sampling using the simple random sampling method because the population is taken at random without regard to the layers in the population. Using techniques and data collection tools using tests, observations, interviews, and documentation.

Result and Discussion
Differences in the small group discussion learning model based on practical courses in understanding the concept of the nature of light. Independent sample T-test was used for statistical analysis aimed at comparing two unpaired samples.
To find out whether there is a difference in the average student learning outcomes of the control group and the experimental group, it is necessary to make a research hypothesis as follows. This is in accordance with the research of Astuti, Annisa (2020) which explains that the small group discussion learning model shows an average difference between the experimental class and control class. In addition, Marnelli and Diyyan (2019) added that collaborative learning in small groups is superior to traditional learning. Study Marni and Yusuf (2015) also show that the use of the small group discussion model has a positive effect on improving student performance.
From the comments above, we can conclude that learning with the small group discussion model produces better results than traditional learning and there are differences in students' understanding of the concepts they get. You can also learn from the observations of the experimental and control classes from day 1 to day 4. Based on the observation sheet above, it shows that in the experimental class students are more enthusiastic to take part in learning using the Small Group Discussion model , from the results of the interviews students are also happy to take part in learning both in the experimental class and in the control class.
Anantama Dewantoro, et al (2019) also said that when using the small group discussion method, discussion activities will get used to expressing opinions, exchanging ideas, and being confident so that they can improve understanding of a concept. it can be concluded that the small group discussion model can have an effect on students' understanding of concepts. This is reinforced by interviews about the learning process and indicators of concept understanding. From the results of the interviews, it can be concluded that the direct use of practicum makes students better understand the concepts of the material being taught. With the use of the Small Group Discussion model, students also interact with one another in their group to jointly solve the problems that the teacher gives.

Conclusion
Practical small group discussions can help fourth graders better understand.
From the data of hypothesis testing/ independent sample t-test , from tcount > ttable, that is 3,898 > 2009, sig. The value (both sides) is 0.001 and this value is &sig. 0.05. In addition, there are differences in students' understanding between the control group and the experimental group because H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Practical learning models for small group discussions affect students' conceptual understanding. Judging from the hypothesis test / simple linear regression, the data obtained by the Fcount value: 5040, the significance value is 0.035 and R2 = 0.182 = 18.2%. Therefore, you can use simple linear regression to predict the relevant variables. That is, the practice-based small group discussion model (SGD) variable (X) affects the concept understanding variable (Y).