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Performance Evaluation of Active and Passive Scheduling Algorithms in IP Tunneling Load Balancing for DNS Traffic
Abstract
The exponential increase in global internet traffic frequently causes processing bottlenecks on Domain Name System (DNS) servers, degrading network Quality of Service (QoS). To address this, an IP Tunneling (LVS-TUN) load-balancing topology was implemented using Linux Virtual Server (IPVSADM) to evaluate 10 active and passive scheduling algorithms handling connectionless UDP traffic. Performance was assessed by simulating high-stress UDP flooding with 1,000 queries via DNSPerf across five iterations, extracting the average batch completion time and throughput, calculated from Wireshark packet traces, in Mbps. Under the tested single-client configuration, the Destination Hashing (DH) algorithm produced the lowest measured batch completion time of 1.0060 seconds and the highest calculated throughput of 1.7520 Mbps. However, this outcome is governed by the deterministic routing of the single-client test topology. Crucially, operational anomalies were identified in dynamic algorithms, specifically the Shortest Expected Delay (SED) and Never Queue (NQ) algorithms. Rather than distributing the load, rapid, connectionless UDP queries prompted IPVS to reuse active connection entries during the timeout window, thereby concentrating traffic on a single backend server.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/triac.v13i2.36170
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