Smart Digital Measurement System for Rural Water Quality Monitoring Using IoT

Puteri Nurul Ma'rifah, Puteri Nurul Magfirah, Ekananda Kinanthi Rahayu, Mikail Shauqi, Ihyau Rofiki Sukman R.T., Safriudin Rifandi

Abstract


Clean water is essential for public health and quality of life. Yet, many rural areas in Indonesia still rely on well water that often has high turbidity, too many dissolved solids, and risks of biological contamination. To help solve these problems, this study created and tested a Smart Digital Measurement System using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and improve water quality. The system includes a digital monitoring unit with pH, TDS, and turbidity sensors, which send data to the Blynk IoT dashboard and a Telegram bot for notifications. It also uses a multi-stage filtration unit with sedimentation filters, activated carbon, and UV sterilizers. Tests on wells in Gesikan, Tuban, showed the system worked reliably, with an average data transmission delay of 1.72 seconds, sensor errors below 5%, and 99% uptime over seven days. Water quality improved: pH levels rose to nearly neutral (6.8 to 7.0), TDS dropped by more than half (from 520–560 ppm to 240–260 ppm), and turbidity fell by about 75% (from 30–35 NTU to 6–8 NTU). These results show that the system offers an affordable way to help rural communities get cleaner water and supports progress toward SDGs 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).

Keywords


sensors; water quality; filtration; Internet of Things; SDGs; rural monitoring

Full Text:

PDF

References


R. Martínez, N. Vela, A. el Aatik, E. Murray, P. Roche, and J. M. Navarro, “On the use of an IoT integrated system for water quality monitoring and management in wastewater treatment plants,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 4, 2020, doi: 10.3390/W12041096.

S. L. Chen et al., “An Intelligent Water Monitoring IoT System for Ecological Environment and Smart Cities,” Sensors (Basel)., vol. 23, no. 20, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23208540.

J. Kumar, R. Gupta, S. Sharma, T. Chakrabarti, P. Chakrabarti, and M. Margala, “IoT-Enabled Advanced Water Quality Monitoring System for Pond Management and Environmental Conservation,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, no. April, pp. 58156–58167, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3391807.

C. Z. Zulkifli et al., “IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Systematic Review,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 22, 2022, doi: 10.3390/w14223621.

N. A. Razman, W. Z. W. Ismail, M. H. A. Razak, I. Ismail, and J. Jamaludin, “Design and analysis of water quality monitoring and filtration system for different types of water in Malaysia,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3789–3800, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13762-022-04192-x.

H. M. Forhad et al., “IoT based real-time water quality monitoring system in water treatment plants (WTPs),” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 23, p. e40746, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40746.

A. T. Chafa, G. P. Chirinda, and S. Matope, “Design of a real–time water quality monitoring and control system using Internet of Things (IoT),” Cogent Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2022.2143054.

P. Boccadoro, V. Daniele, P. Di Gennaro, D. Lofù, and P. Tedeschi, “Water quality prediction on a Sigfox-compliant IoT device: The road ahead of WaterS,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 126, pp. 1–13, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102749.

I. Essamlali, H. Nhaila, and M. El Khaili, “Advances in machine learning and IoT for water quality monitoring: A comprehensive review,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e27920, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27920.

F. Jan, N. Min-Allah, and D. Düştegör, “Iot based smart water quality monitoring: Recent techniques, trends and challenges for domestic applications,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 1–37, 2021, doi: 10.3390/w13131729.

A. Fornika Sari, S. Darmawan Panjaitan, B. Wibowo Sanjaya, M. Saleh, and H. Priyatman, “Development of Advanced Monitoring System for IoT-based Raw Water Quality Prediction,” J. Electr. Eng. Energy, Inf. Technol. (J3EIT, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 376–384, 2024, doi: 10.26418/j3eit.v12i2.77221.

W. A. Jabbar et al., “Development of LoRaWAN-based IoT system for water quality monitoring in rural areas,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 242, no. December 2023, p. 122862, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122862.

D. Kurniawan and A. L. Afifudin, “Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Monitoring Kualitas Air Berbasis IoT untuk Pengelolaan Sanitasi Pondok Pesantren,” J. Inform. dan Teknol. Komput., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 170–176, 2025, doi: : https://doi.org/10.55606/jitek.v5i2.3223.

A. H. Kelechi et al., “Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Portable Water Quality Monitoring System,” Comput. Mater. Contin., vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 2405–2424, 2021, doi: 10.32604/cmc.2021.018686.

W. H. O, “Call for experts to serve as members of an expert advisory group: Guidelines for drinking-water quality: 5th edition,” 2024.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/triac.v12i2.32139

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Komputer TRIAC

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
Indexed by: