Komposisi Pakan Ikan Caru (Megalaspis cordyla) Berdasarkan Analisis Isi Lambung Di Perairan Laut Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Ikan caru (M. cordyla) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan pelagis yang memiliki nilai ekologis dan ekonomis penting di wilayah perikanan Kota Dumai. Namun, informasi ilmiah mengenai komposisi pakan dan pola makan spesies ini di perairan Dumai masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan penelitian sebagai dasar pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi makanan dan kebiasaan makan ikan caru berdasarkan isi lambung. Sebanyak 90 sampel ikan dianalisis menggunakan metode indeks preponderansi (IP) untuk menentukan jenis dan persentase pakan utamanya. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menguraikan persentase volume dan frekuensi makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makanan utama ikan caru adalah ikan senangin (E. tetradactylum) dengan nilai IP >52-80% pada seluruh kelas ukuran. Makanan pelengkap terdiri atas kerang darah (A. granosa), udang putih (P. merguiensis), dan detritus dengan nilai IP berkisar antara 1–26%. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa ikan caru memiliki sifat karnivora dan berperan sebagai predator tingkat menengah dalam rantai makanan pesisir. Hasil penelitian diharapkan menjadi dasar pengelolaan sumber daya ikan caru secara berkelanjutan di Perairan Kota Dumai serta berkontribusi dalam perumusan kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan perikanan berbasis ekosistem.
Kata kunci: Dumai, kebiasaan makan, isi lambung, ikan Caru
ABSTRACT
Torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla) is one of the pelagic fish species with significant ecological and economic importance in the fisheries of Dumai City waters. However, scientific information regarding its diet composition and feeding habits in Dumai waters remains limited, necessitating research as a foundation for sustainable fisheries management. This study aimed to analyze the diet composition and feeding habits of torpedo scad based on stomach content analysis. A total of 90 fish samples were examined using the Index of Preponderance (IP) method to determine the main food items and their percentages. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the volumetric percentage and frequency of occurrence of food items. The results showed that the primary diet of torpedo scad was fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), with IP values exceeding 52–80% across all size classes. Supplementary food items included blood cockle (Anadara granosa), white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), and detritus, with IP values ranging from 1–26%. These findings indicate that torpedo scad exhibits carnivorous feeding behavior and functions as a mid-level predator in the coastal food web. The results are expected to serve as a scientific basis for sustainable management of torpedo scad resources in Dumai waters and to contribute to ecosystem-based fisheries management policies and strategies.
Keyword: Dumai, feeding habits, stomach content, torpedo scad
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Ariani, F. (2016). Strategi Pengelolaan Pencemaran Di Pesisir Perairan Kota Dumai. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Dumai. (2019). Dumai dalam Angka 2019. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Dumai, Dumai.
Bolnick, D. I., Amarasekare, P., Araujo, M. S., Burger, R., Levine, J. M., Novak, M., Rudolf, V. H. W., Schreiber, S. J., Urban, M. C., & Vasseur, D. A. (2011). Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.009
Buckland, A., Baker, R., Loneragan, N., & Sheaves, M. (2017). Standardising fish stomach content analysis: The importance of prey condition. Fisheries Research, 196, 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.003
Das, S. K., De, M., & Ghaffar, M. A. (2014). Length-weight relationship and trophic level of hard-tail scad Megalaspis cordyla. Science Asia, 40, 317–322. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2014.40.317
Das, S. P., Swain, S., Bej, D., Jayasankar, P., Jena, J. K., & Das, P. (2015). Length–weight relationships of four Cyprinid species in India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(3), 583–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12762
Djunaidi. (2021). Komposisi hasil tangkapan jaring insang (gill net) di PPI Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau. SEMAH: Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.36355/semahjpsp.v5i1.626
Effendi, I., Marpaung, B., Mahary, A., Ernando, H., & Thamrin, T. (2025). Sediment composition, phytoplankton, and blood cockles (Anadara granosa) population. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 29(2), 2143–2159. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2025.421850
Effendie, M. I. (1979). Metode biologi perikanan. Yayasan Dewi Sri, Bogor.
Effendie, M. I. (2002). Biologi perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, Yogyakarta.
Essington, T. E., Beaudreau, A. H., & Wiedenmann, J. (2006). Fishing through marine food webs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(9), 3171–3175. Doi/10.1073/ pnas.0510964103
Estes, J. A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J. S., Power, M. E., Berger, J., Bond, W. J., Carpenter, S. R., Essington, T. E., Holt, R. D., Jackson, J. B. C., Marquis, R. J., Oksanen, L., Oksanen, T., Paine, R. T., Pikitch, E. K., Ripple, W. J., Sandin, S. A., Scheffer, M., Schoener, T. W., & Soulé, M. E. (2011). Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science, 333, 301–306. doi:10.1126/science.1205106
Firdaus, A. M., Sari, S. P., & Tampubolon, J. R. P. (2021). Kondisi penangkapan ikan di perairan Kota Dumai Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Marisland, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31629/jm.v1i1.2644
Flowers, G. J. L., Needham, H. R., Bulmer, R. H., Lohrer, A. M., & Pilditch, C. A. (2024). The effect of sediment mud content on primary production in seagrass and unvegetated intertidal flats. Estuaries and Coasts, 47, 1544–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01403-1
Glover, K. A., Sørvik, A. G. E., Karlsbakk, E., Zhang, Z., & Skaala, Ø. (2013). Molecular genetic analysis of stomach contents reveals wild Atlantic cod feeding on piscine reovirus infected Atlantic salmon originating from a commercial fish farm. PLoS ONE, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060924
Jackson, J. B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J. A., Hughes, T. P., Kidwell, S., Lange, C. B., Lenihan, H. S., Pandolfi, J. M., & Peterson, C. H. (2012). Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science, 629(2001). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059199
Jadhav, T. D., & Mohite, S. A. (2013). Reproductive biology of horse mackerel Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra, India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 55(2), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2013.55.2.01759-06
Lee, S. Y., Primavera, J. H., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., McKee, K., Bosire, J. O., Cannicci, S., Diele, K., Fromard, F., Koedam, N., Marchand, C., & Mendelssohn, I. (2014). Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: A reassessment. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 726–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12155
Mardiah, R. S., Pramesthy, T. D., & Shalichaty, S. F. (2022). Keragaman hasil tangkapan ekonomis penting yang didaratkan di PPI Dumai. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33512/jpk.v12i1.13696
Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J., Arias-González, J. E., Lindeman, K. C., Blackwell, P. G., Gall, A., Gorczynska, M. I., Harborne, A. R., Pescod, C. L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C. C. C., & Llewellyn, G. (2003). Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature, 158 (November), 533–536. doi:10.1038/nature02286.
Nasution, A. (2009). Analisis ekologi ikan kurau Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) pada perairan Laut Bengkalis, Provinsi Riau. Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Nikolsky, G. V. (1963). The ecology of fishes. Academic Press, New York.
Qamar, N., Panhwar, S. K., & Jahangir, S. (2015). Seasonal variation in diet composition of torpedo trevally, Megalaspis cordyla (L) depending upon its size and sex. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47(4), 1171–1179.
Siagian, J., Arthana, I. W., Ayu, D., Pebriani, A., & Saraswati, S. A. (2020). The composition, size distribution and growth patterns of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus merguiensis at the estuary of Tukad Aya, Jembrana Bali. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 4(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.24843/ATBES.2020.v04.i01.p04
Soe, K.K.; Hajisamae, S.; Sompongchaiyakul, P.; Towatana, P.; Pradit, S. Feeding Habits and the Occurrence of Anthropogenic Debris in the Stomach Content of Marine Fish from Pattani Bay, Gulf of Thailand. Biology 2022, 11, 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ biology11020331 Academic
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v7i1.32491
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Juvenil byJurusan Kelautan dan Perikananis licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura