Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Mengenai Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Konservasi Di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pariwisata berbasis konservasi di kawasan perairan lindung telah mengalami pergeseran signifikan dalam satu dekade terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi-strategi yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan ekowisata laut berbasis konservasi melalui studi literatur sistematis. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan pendekatan analisis tematik terhadap dimensi lokasi geografis, jenis konservasi, bentuk keterlibatan masyarakat, serta dampak ekologis dan sosial. Seleksi artikel dilakukan secara sistematis menggunakan model PRISMA, dari total 587 dokumen awal hingga diperoleh 14 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi berbasis komunitas (community-based ecotourism), pemanfaatan kearifan lokal, penerapan zonasi, serta pendekatan edukatif seperti citizen science memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap keberlanjutan ekosistem dan penguatan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir. Namun, tantangan seperti kelembagaan yang lemah, konflik ruang, dan ketimpangan manfaat masih menjadi hambatan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan perlunya pendekatan adaptif, multisektor, dan partisipatif, serta menyarankan integrasi kebijakan konservasi yang lebih inklusif dalam perencanaan pariwisata laut berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Adaptif, Ekowisata, Komunitas, Konservasi Laut, Zonasi.
ABSTRACT
Conservation-based tourism in marine protected areas has undergone a significant shift over the past decade. This study aims to analyze the strategies employed in the development of marine ecotourism grounded in conservation principles through a systematic literature review. The method used is a systematic literature review with a thematic analysis approach focusing on dimensions such as geographical location, type of conservation, forms of community involvement, and ecological and social impacts. Article selection was conducted systematically following the PRISMA model, narrowing down from an initial 587 documents to 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that strategies such as community-based ecotourism (CBET), the incorporation of local wisdom, zoning implementation, and educational approaches like citizen science have made tangible contributions to ecosystem sustainability and the empowerment of coastal communities. However, challenges such as weak institutional capacity, spatial conflicts, and benefit disparities remain persistent obstacles. This review concludes that adaptive, multi-sectoral, and participatory approaches are essential and recommends the integration of more inclusive conservation policies in sustainable marine tourism planning.
Keywords: Adaptive, Community, Ecotourism, Marine Conservation, Zoning.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i3.30996
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Published by: Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura