Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Spesies Kerang (Bivalvia) di Wilayah Pesisir Socah, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Jawa Timur
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Perairan pesisir Socah, Kabupaten Bangkalan, merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi keanekaragaman hayati tinggi, khususnya kelompok kerang (Bivalvia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan inventarisasi jenis-jenis kerang yang ditemukan di wilayah tersebut sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumber daya laut yang berkelanjutan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode random sampling, kemudian spesimen diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi, morfometrik, serta pencocokan data dengan sumber ilmiah dan database biodiversitas seperti World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) dan Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat 12 jenis kerang berdasarkan nomenklatur lokal, di antaranya kerang kampak (Atrina pectinata), kerang hijau (Perna viridis), kerang kepah/kerang putih/kerang tahu (Meretrix meretrix), kerang darah (Anadara granosa), kerang kipas (Mimachlamys varia), kerang batik (Paratapes undulatus), kerang cokelat (Meretrix lusoria), kerang kor-kor (genus Anadara), kerang tiram/tiram Pasifik (Crassostrea gigas), kerang putih tipis dan kerang licin yang sama-sama termasuk dalam genus Dosinia, kerang iris (Pharus legumen). Beberapa spesies yang memiliki kemiripan morfologi (cryptic species) disarankan untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut secara molekuler. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan suhu 29,5°C, pH 7,7, DO 5,5 mg/l, dan salinitas 28 ppt, semuanya berada dalam kisaran optimal untuk kehidupan kerang. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya dokumentasi dan identifikasi awal keanekaragaman kerang secara ilmiah sebagai langkah awal konservasi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya pesisir yang berkelanjutan, serta kami menekankan perlunya revisi taksonomi dan praktik taksonomi yang menggabungkan data molekuler dan morfologi.
Kata kunci: biodiversitas, cryptic species, identifikasi morfologi, inventarisasi, kerang
ABSTRACT
The coastal waters of Socah, Bangkalan Regency, are an area with high biodiversity potential, particularly among bivalve mollusks (Bivalvia). This study aims to inventory the bivalve species found in the area as a foundation for sustainable marine resource management. Sampling was conducted using a random sampling method, and specimens were subsequently identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics, as well as by cross-referencing scientific literature and biodiversity databases such as World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The identification results revealed 12 species of bivalves based on local nomenclature, including Atrina pectinata (commonly known as kampak clam), Perna viridis (green mussel), Anadara granosa (blood cockle), among others. Some species with similar morphological features (cryptic species) are recommended for further molecular analysis. Water quality measurements showed a temperature of 29.5°C, pH of 7.7, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 5.5 mg/l, and salinity of 28 ppt, all within the optimal range for bivalve life. This study underscores the importance of scientific documentation and initial identification of shellfish biodiversity as a foundational step toward conservation and the sustainable use of coastal resources. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for taxonomic revision and practices that integrate both molecular and morphological data.
Keywords: biodiversity, bivalves, cryptic species, inventory, morphological identification
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i2.30147
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