Pola Distribusi Teripang di Perairan Kabupaten Bangkalan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Teripang merupakan salah satu invertebrata bentik penting dalam ekosistem laut serta memiliki nilai ekonomis. Biota ini juga tersebar di hampir seluruh habitat laut dan memiliki kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi substrat hidup teripang yang ditemukan di perairan Kabupaten Bangkalan serta menganalisis pola distribusi yang merupakan salah satu strategi teripang dalam beradaptasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Agustus-September 2023 di perairan Kabupaten Bangkalan khususnya yang meliputi kecamatan Kamal hingga Socah. Pengambilan sampel meliputi sampel biota dan sedimen. Sedimen yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode pengayakan dan diplot mengikuti metode Folks. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi teripang dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan Indeks Morisita. Terdapat 4 jenis teripang yang ditemukan yaitu Phyllophorus sp. (teripang lokal/bola), Acaudina leucoprocta (teripang blonyo), Phyllophorella spiculata (teripang gimbul), dan Colochirus quadrangularis (teripang merah) dengan komposisi terbesar adalah pada jenis Phyllophorus sp.. Sedimen di lokasi kajian termasuk tipe sedimen pasir halus kecuali pada 2 stasiun yang termasuk sedimen dengan tipe muddy sand (pasir berlumpur). Nilai indeks morisita keempat spesies berkisar 0.5517-0.8087. Nilai indeks morisita >0 menunjukkan pola distribusi yang Mengelompok (clumped). Kondisi ini diduga merupakan adaptasi atau strategi yang dilakukan oleh teripang untuk proses pencarian makanan, perlindungan terhadap predator, serta keberhasilan proses pemijahan.
Kata kunci: bangkalan, indeks morisita, pola distribusi, teripang
ABSTRACT
Sea cucumbers are important benthic invertebrates in marine ecosystems and hold significant economic value. These organisms are widespread across nearly all marine habitats and exhibit the ability to adapt to various environmental conditions. This study aims to assess the substrate conditions where sea cucumbers are found in the waters of Bangkalan Regency and to analyze the distribution patterns as a strategy for adaptation. The research was conducted from August to September 2023 in the waters of Bangkalan Regency, specifically from the Kamal subdistrict to Socah. Sampling included both biota and sediment. Sediment samples were analyzed using sieving methods and plotted following the Folk's classification. The distribution patterns of sea cucumbers were analyzed using the Morisita Index. Four species of sea cucumbers were identified: Phyllophorus sp. (local sea cucumber/bola), Acaudina leucoprocta (blonyo sea cucumber), Phyllophorella spiculata (gimbul sea cucumber), and Colochirus quadrangularis (red sea cucumber), with Phyllophorus sp. being the most prevalent. The sediment at the study sites was predominantly fine sand, except at two stations where the sediment type was classified as muddy sand. The Morisita Index values for the four species ranged from 0.5517 to 0.8087. Morisita Index values greater than 0 indicate a clumped distribution pattern. This condition is hypothesized to be an adaptation or strategy employed by sea cucumbers for foraging, predator protection, and successful spawning.
keyword: bangkalan, distribution pattern, morisita index, sea cucumber
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v5i3.27301
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