Perbandingan Kepadatan Bakteri Vibrio spp. pada Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Lokasi Berbeda
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan estimasi kepadatan koloni bakteri Vibrio spp. pada bulan September - Januari 2023 di tambak Balai Budidaya Laut dan Payau (BBLP) Desa Porniti (Lokasi 1) dan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD) Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Desa Tuada (Lokasi 2) Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode survei dan sampling langsung pada kedua tambak. Pengukuran kualitas air dilakukan secara insitu terhadap suhu, salinitas, DO,suhu, dan pH. Isolasi dan kepadatan bakteri dihitung pada organ hepatopancreas udang dan media air. Kepadatan bakteri Vibrio dianalisis menggunakan uji t sedangkan data lainnya dianalisa secara deskriptif dan ditampilkan dalam tabel dan grafik. Hasi analisis menunjukan bahwa kepadatan bakteri Vibrio spp pada lokasi 1 mencapai rata-rata 3,0x102 CFU/g dan media air mencapai rata-rata 1,2x103 CFU/mL sedangkan pada lokasi 2 mencapai rata-rata 4,2x102 CFU/g dan media air mencapai hingga 1,6x103 CFU/mL. Kedua lokasi ditemukan bakteri Vibrio spp. Pada organ hepatopancreas dan media air. Kepadatan bakteri tertinggi diperoleh di lokasi kedua.
Kata kunci: Tambak, vaname, Vibrio, Densitas, Hepatopankreas
ABSTRACT
This study aims to isolate and estimate the colony density of Vibrio spp. bacteria in September - January 2023 in the ponds of the Marine and Brackish Aquaculture Center (BBLP) Porniti Village (Location 1) and the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of the Marine and Fisheries Service Tuada Village (Location 2) West Halmahera Regency. Sampling was conducted using survey and direct sampling methods in both ponds. Water quality measurements were carried out in situ on temperature, salinity, DO, temperature, and pH. Isolation and density of bacteria were calculated in the shrimp hepatopancreas organ and water media. Vibrio bacteria density was analyzed using t test while other data were analyzed descriptively and displayed in tables and graphs. The analysis showed that the density of Vibrio spp bacteria at location 1 reached an average of 3.0x102 CFU/g and water media reached an average of 1.2x103 CFU/mL while at location 2 reached an average of 4.2x102 CFU/g and water media reached up to 1.6x103 CFU/mL. Both locations found Vibrio spp. bacteria in the hepatopancreas organ and water media. The highest bacterial density was obtained in the second location.
Keywords: Pond, vaname, Vibrio, Density, Hepatopancreas
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Abdelrahman, H. A., Abebe, A., & Boyd, C. E. (2019). Influence of variation in water temperature on survival, growth and yield of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in inland ponds for low‐salinity culture. Aquaculture Research, 50(2), 658-672.
Akbar, J. (2013). Manajemen Kesehatan Ikan. P3AI UNLAM. Banjarmasin.
Albert, V., & Ransangan, J. (2013). Effect of water temperature on susceptibility of culture marine fish species to vibriosis. Int. J. Res. Pure Appl. Microbiol, 3(3), 48-52.
Arifin, S.N., Amri, Y. dan Gunawan, D. (2012). Riset Pendekatan Ekologo Ekonomi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Pertambakan Udang di Kawasan Selat Makasar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 1-3
Aris, M. (2011). Identifikasi, patogenisitas bakteri dan pemanfaatan gen 16s-rRNA untuk deteksi penyakit ice-ice pada budidaya rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii). Disertasi. Program Studi Ilmu Akuakultur. Sekalah Pascasarjana, Intitut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Austin, B., & Austin, D. A. (2007). Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Fourth edition. Ellis Horword limited, Chichester.
Cheng, W., Li, C. H., & Chen, J. C. (2004). Effect of dissolved oxygen on the immune response of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture, 232(1-4), 103-115.
Fatmala, I., Pranggono, H., & Linayati, L. (2019). Identifikasi Bakteri Vibrio Sp Dalam Hepatopankreas Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Pada Tambak Yang Diberi Probiotik Di Tambak Sampang Tigo Kelurahan Degayu Kota Pekalongan. Jurnal Litbang Kota Pekalongan, 16, 42–48.
Felix, F., Nugroho, T. T., Silalahi, S., & Octavia, Y. (2011). Screening of Indonesian original bacteria Vibrio sp as a cause of shrimp diseases based on 16s ribosomal DNA-technique. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 3(2), 85–99.
Fitri, A., Lukmayani, D., Kodir,R.A. (2016).Uji Aktifitas Anti Bakteri Propinibacterium acnes Extrak Etanol dan Fraksi Daun Karuk (Piper sarmotosum Roxb.Ex.Hunter) Serta Analisis Klt Biaotografi. Jurnal Riset Farnasi,1(1), 9-15.
Furtado, P. S., Valenzuela, M. A., Badillo, M. A., Gaxiola, G., & Wasielesky Jr, W. (2016). Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on oxygen consumption in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931). Marine and freshwater behaviour and physiology, 49(5), 337-346.
Habibi, A. M., Hasin, M. K., & Syai’in, M. (2021). Rancang Bangun Autofeeder Dan Monitoring Kualitas Air Tambak Udang Vaname Ibap Banjar Kemuning Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes Berbasis Wireless Sensor Network. In Jurnal Conference On Automation Engineering And Its Application, 1(1), 232-239.
Hanh, T. N. M., Van Nhi, T., & Hoai, N. T. T. (2020). Effects of salinity and shaking condition on the growth and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology, 18(2), 349-362.
Harris, J., & Bird, D. J. (2000). Modulation of the fish immune system by hormones. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 77(3-4), 163-176.
Hong, J. W., Song, H. S., Moon, Y. M., Hong, Y. G., Bhatia, S. K., Jung, H. R., ... & Yang, Y. H. (2019). Polyhydroxybutyrate production in halophilic marine bacteria Vibrio proteolyticus isolated from the Korean peninsula. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 42, 603-610.
Jiang, L. X., & Pan, L. Q. (2005). Effect of dissolved oxygen on immune parameters of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and shellfish immunology, 2(18), 185-188.
Kim, L. H., & Chong, T. H. (2017). Physiological responses of salinity-stressed Vibrio sp. and the effect on the biofilm formation on a nanofiltration membrane. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(3), 1249-1258.
Lavilla-Pitogo, C. R., Lio-Po, G. D., Cruz-Lacierda, E. R., Tendencia, E., & de la Peña, L. D. (2000). Diseases of penaeid shrimps in the Philippines. Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Letchumanan, V., Chan, K. G., & Lee, L. H. (2014). Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advance molecular identification techniques. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 705.
Li, G., Zhao, D., Huang, L., Sun, J., Gao, D., Wang, H., ... & Liang, L. (2006). Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from diseased Trachinotus ovatus in cage mariculture. Aquaculture, 261(1), 17-25.
Lipp, E. K., Huq, A., and Colwell, R. R. (2002). Effects of global climate on infectious disease: the cholera model. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 15(4), 757-770.
Liu, L., Xiao, J., Zhang, M., Zhu, W., Xia, X., Dai, X., ... & Wang, Y. (2018). A Vibrio owensii strain as the causative agent of AHPND in cultured shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 153, 156-164.
Manan, A., dan Putra, F. R. (2014). Monitoring kualitas air pada tambak pembesaran udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Situbondo, Jawa Timur [Monitoring of water quality on rearing ponds of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 6(2), 137-142.
Mankiewicz-Urtaza, J., Baker-Austin, C. (2020). Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Trends in Microbiology, 20(20), 1-2.
Pan, L. Q., Zhang, L. J., & Liu, H. Y. (2007). Effects of salinity and pH on ion-transport enzyme activities, survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture, 273(4), 711-720.
Pazir, M. K., Ajdari, A., & Ghawampour, A. (2020). The effect of gradually decline of salinity on haemolymph parameters of adult shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal, 6(1), 19-28.
Perez-Velazquez, M., Davis, D. A., Roy, L. A., & González-Félix, M. L. (2012). Effects of water temperature and Na+: K+ ratio on physiological and production parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low salinity water. Aquaculture, 342, 13-17.
Puspitasari, I., Mulyasari, C. D., & Yudana, I. G. R. (2020). Korelasi populasi Vibrio terhadap faktor lingkungan pada kolam pemeliharaan larva udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Situbondo, Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Chanos Chanos, 18(2), 73-81.
Rafiqie, M. (2014). Disease Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) In Pond Pt Tanjung Bejo, Pajarakan District Probolinggo.Semakia: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan, 5(1), 20-24.
Raharjo, T. (2016). Hubungan Parameter Kualitas Air Dengan Total Bakteri Dan Total Vibrio Spp. Pada Tambak Udang Vaname Di Kabupaten Purworejo. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Riyaz, S. U., Nalini, S., Kavitha, G., Sutha, S., & Inbakandan, D. (2019). Characterization and identification of isolated bacteria from ice-ice disease infected seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 48(08), 1286-1290.
Rustadi, Samadan, G. M., Djumanto, & Murwantoko. (2022). The effectiveness of sand and red tilapia rearing in absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus of liquid waste from Litopenaeus vannamei culture. AACL Bioflux, 15(1), 563-572.
Samadan G. M., Rustadi, Djumanto, Murwantoko. (2018a). Production performance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at different stocking densities reared in sand ponds using plastic mulch. AACL Bioflux, 11(4), 1213-1221.
Samadan G. M., Rustadi, Djumanto, Murwantoko. (2018b). Utilization of Marginal Sand Land for Culture of White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Different Stocking Density in Coastal Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 9(3), 3-8.
Sarjito, P., S.B., Radjasa, O.K dan Hutabarat, S. (2007). Causative Agent Vibriosis pada Kerapu Bebek (Cromileptes altivelis) dari Karimunjawa Pathogenisitasnya terhadap Ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan, 12(3), 173-180.
Sarjito, S., Radjasa, O. K., Sabdono, A., Prayitno, S. B., & Hutabarat, S. (2009). Phylogenetic diversity of the causative agents of vibriosis associated with groupers fish from Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Current ResearchinBacteriology, 2(1), 14-21.
Sarjito, S., Ningrum, N. E., Radjasa, O. K., & Prayitno, S. B. (2012). Application of repetitive sequence-based pcr on the richness of vibrio on the tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.). Jurnal of Coastal Development, 15(3), 304 –310.
Smith, P. (2006). Breakpoints for disc diffusion susceptibility testing of bacteria associated with fish diseases: a review of current practice. Aquaculture, 261(4), 1113-1121.
Utami, W., Sarjito, Desrina. (2016). Pengaruh salinitas terhadap efek infeksi Vibrio harveyi pada udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, 5(1), 82-90.
Venkateswarlu, V., Seshaiah, P. V., Arun, P., & Behra, P. C. (2019). A study on water quality parameters in shrimp L. vannamei semi-intensive grow out culture farms in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(4), 394-399.
Violando, W. A., & Safitri, N. M. (2020). Minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial sulfated polysaccharides of Sargassum cristaefolium against Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 14(2), 136-144.
Duan, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, X., & Thakur, D. N. (2014). Effect of dissolved oxygen on swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Ocean University of China, 13, 132-140.
Wikandari, P. R., Suparmo, S., Marsono, Y., & Rahayu, E. S. (2012). Karakterisasi bakteri asam laktat proteolitik pada bekasam. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 14(1), 120-125.
Zar J. (2010). Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 661 p.
Zheng, X., Duan, Y., Dong, H., & Zhang, J. (2017). Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum in different treatments on growth performance and immune gene expression of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal condition and stress of acute low salinity. Fish & shellfish immunology, 62, 195-201.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v5i3.22327
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Juvenil byJurusan Kelautan dan Perikananis licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by: Department of Marine and Fisheries, Trunojoyo University of Madura